Vitamin C (VC) has gained significant attention in the field of animal production and is widely utilized across various industries. However, due to its poor stability, VC can be lost during feed processing, storage, or feeding. This makes the selection of an appropriate form of VC a critical concern for feed manufacturers and aquaculture companies. Choosing the right type of VC not only ensures its effectiveness but also maximizes its benefits in promoting animal health and growth.
The importance of Vitamin C in animal breeding cannot be overstated. As a vital nutrient, VC plays a key role in enhancing immune function and improving disease resistance in all animals. It is essential for sustaining life and supporting normal growth. Research indicates that healthy adult livestock can synthesize sufficient VC in their liver or kidneys to meet their needs. However, under stressful conditions such as high temperatures, humidity, transportation, vaccination, illness, or sudden environmental changes, young animals, or those with limited synthesis capacity, may not produce enough VC on their own. In such cases, dietary supplementation becomes necessary. A deficiency in VC can lead to a range of health issues, including anemia, bleeding, stunted growth, weakened immunity, and reduced reproductive performance.
In aquatic species such as fish and crustaceans, the situation is even more critical. Most farmed fish and shrimp lack the enzyme L-gulonolactone oxidase, which is required to synthesize VC from D-glucose. Therefore, they must obtain this essential nutrient through their diet. When their intake of VC is inadequate, it can result in metabolic imbalances, weakened immunity, increased susceptibility to infections, and lower weight gain and feed conversion rates. Additionally, deficiencies can cause delayed wound healing, impaired collagen formation, skeletal abnormalities, and higher mortality rates. These conditions make fish and shrimp more prone to bacterial and viral diseases.
For aquatic animals, ensuring adequate VC levels in feed is crucial for maintaining health, growth, and overall productivity. The choice of a stable and bioavailable form of VC can significantly impact the success of aquaculture operations. By understanding the specific needs of different species and selecting the right VC formulation, producers can optimize animal performance and reduce losses caused by nutritional deficiencies.
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