If the battery is a marathon runner in the energy storage world, supercapacitors can be compared to sprinters: Supercapacitors are more suitable for short-term storage of high-energy applications, but batteries are a better choice in the long-term. Engineers from Georgia Tech University and Korea University have now developed a new supercapacitor designed to make it possible to store more energy in a longer period of time. This super capacitor is made of metalized paper.
Batteries have the characteristics of high energy density but low power density, which means that they can store energy for long periods of time. Supercapacitors have the opposite problem at the same time: they can provide super-current power immediately, but they have the disadvantage of low energy density. Researchers want to develop a supercapacitor that strikes an appropriate balance between energy density and power density.
For this reason, the team developed a relatively simple process to make such a device. First, a piece of paper was immersed in a solution containing an amine surfactant material and then immersed in a solution filled with gold nanoparticles. Surfactants help gold get into the fibers in the paper and stick there.
Next, scientists used the same method to add layers of metal oxides, including manganese oxide. Finally, the gold layer is electrically conductive and the metal oxide layer stores it so that the superconductor not only has high energy density and power density, but also can fold and cut without losing this energy.
Seung Woo Lee, the co-author of the study, said: “This is basically a very simple process. The layer-by-layer process we performed in alternating beakers provides a good conformal coating on cellulose fibers that we can fold. Metalized paper, and can be bent without damaging the electrical conductivity, we apply nanoscale control of the coating to the paper. If we increase the number of layers, the performance will continue to increase. These are based on plain paper."
The metalized paper supercapacitor has a power density of 15.1 mW/cm2 and an energy density of 267.3 uW/cm2. The researchers stated that it is the highest performance textile supercapacitor. "There should be no limit to the size of samples we can produce," said Lee. "We only need to establish the optimal layer thickness to provide good conductivity while minimizing the use of nanoparticles to optimize cost and performance." The trade-offs.
Next, the team plans to try using the fabric as a base material and eventually use the same process to develop the battery.
Lee said: "This flexible energy storage device can provide a unique opportunity for the connection between wearable devices and the Internet. We can support the development of the most advanced portable electronic products, and we have the opportunity to combine this type of ultracapacitor with Energy harvesting devices that power biomedical sensors, consumer electronics and military electronics, and similar applications."
The research was published in the journal Nature Communications.
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