Energy conservation and carbon reduction can be said to be the current world trend. Many scientists are committed to researching and developing sustainable biofuels to combat climate change. Among them, hydrogen molecules are considered to be the most promising energy carriers due to zero emissions and high storage capacity. The University of Turku in Finland converts solar energy into biohydrogen through photosynthesis of green algae.
Chlorella uses solar energy to decompose water, release oxygen, and produce biomass when it is engaged in photosynthesis. Chlorella is also a highly efficient biocatalyst that converts solar energy and carbon dioxide into vitamins, antioxidants, polymers, and carbohydrates.
Yagut Allahverdiyeva-Rinne, assistant professor of molecular plant biomass at the University of Guelph, said that in previous studies, microalgae cells were incubated in a dark deoxygenated environment, and then the cells were placed under sunlight to make hydrogen, but efficient hydrogen production only lasted for a few seconds.
In the past decade or so, scientists believed that oxygen-induced hydrogenases are the main obstacles to the long-term hydrogen production of Chlorella. Senior researcher Sergey Kosourov pointed out that algae release oxygen continuously during photosynthesis. At the same time, hydrogen is produced, so it is difficult to cultivate and maintain anoxic conditions under sunlight.
Therefore, researchers at the University of Turku based on the basic knowledge of algae photosynthesis, to create a new method of hydrogen production. This method does not require the green algae to be placed in a deprived environment and therefore does not require any pressure on the cells. The researchers pointed out that as long as the exposure of oxygen-deficient microalgae to strong and short light pulses, the hydrogen production time can be significantly prolonged.
Kosourov said that exposure to pulses of algae does not accumulate oxygen in the medium. Algae also direct electrons generated by water decomposition to hydrogen production rather than biomass accumulation. This effect lasts for several days. Hydrogen production can be maintained for 8 hours.
Studies have shown that the barrier to high-efficiency hydrogen production is not oxygen, but two metabolic pathways in the cell competition, namely hydrogenation caused by carbon dioxide fixation bioaccumulation and photocatalytic hydrogenation.
Allahverdiyeva-Rinne pointed out that this research opens up new possibilities for creating efficient cell factories that use sunlight, carbon dioxide and water to make biofuels and different chemicals. The study also provides a way to avoid "waste" solar energy in biomass, and how to use this energy directly in the production of biomass products. It is very helpful for basic research on algae photosynthesis and mass production of biomass fuel.
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