Ziyunying has both the economic benefits of fertilizer fields and the economic benefits of aquaculture. It is an important green manure and pasture for rice paddy winter. After years of practice, it has been proved that the promotion of Ziyunying's multi-year breeding and utilization technology is simple and technically feasible. It can be planted once and harvested 4 to 5 times. It does not need to be kept every year and planted every year. It is especially suitable for rural labor. Transfer area promotion.
Biological characteristics of Chinese milk vetch
The suitable temperature for the growth of Chinese milk vetch is 15-20 °C, and there is generally a clear wintering period. According to the test, the seed germination of Chinese milk vetch is suitable for 15~25°C, and it needs to absorb more water and a lot of oxygen when germination. Flowering pods are most suitable for 13-20 °C. Ziyun Yingxi sandy loam or clay loam, its resistance to cockroaches is weak, and it is poorly grown in low-humid fields with poor clay and poor drainage or sandy soil with poor water retention and water retention. The growth of Chinese milk vetch is suitable for pH 5.5~7.5.
Ziyunying multi-year breeding and cultivation techniques
1. Variety selection. Generally, the Zhonghua type of Jiangxi Yujiang species, or some native species of early flower type can be selected.
2. Excavation "three ditch". Generally, in the end of the late rice tiller, the "three ditch" contour is combined with the sun-dried field, and the trench, the furrow and the main ditch are opened according to the standard before sowing. The width of the cabin is 2.7 to 3 meters, the width of the compartment is 24 centimeters, the depth of the trench is 30 centimeters, and the depth of the trench is based on the bottom of the demolition; the furrow and the main trench are 30 cm wide.
3. Seed treatment. Before the first year of sowing, the seeds should be treated with technology to increase the germination rate of the seeds, make the emergence of the seedlings tidy and strong, and lay a good foundation for high yield. Before planting, choose a sunny day for 1 to 2 days, and spread it evenly when drying. Seeds were selected with 10% saline solution to extract the seeds, impurities and germs. Then, 1.5 to 2 kilograms of fine sand is mixed per 10 kilograms of seeds, and the rice is beaten 1 to 2 times to slightly heat the seeds. This can cause the waxy layer on the seed coat to be scratched, which is beneficial for post-seeding germination. The selected seeds are soaked in 5% decomposed human urine for 8 hours; or soaked in 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for 10 to 12 hours; or placed in 0.1 to 0.2% ammonium molybdate solution to dip 12~ 24 hours, remove and dry. Mix 5 kg of calcium phosphate per acre with 20-25 kg of soil and fertilizer. After 5 to 6 days of stacking, mix well with the seeds and mix immediately after mixing.
4. Sowing at the right time. Single-season rice field Chinese milk vetch is generally cultivated 20 to 25 days before rice harvest. Generally, the amount of seeds per acre should be 1.5 to 2 kg. When planting, it must be quantified according to the field, spread evenly and evenly.
5. Field management. After a day of sowing, Ziyunying emerged around 1 week, and formed 6 to 7 true leaves in about 1 month and began to branch. Generally, only branches are branched before spring, and stems begin to grow after spring. Straw can be covered before the frost, combined with the application of grass ash to increase potassium fertilizer and improve the cold resistance of the plant. Ziyun Ying field management should focus on three key points:
(l) Anti-early anti-staining seedlings. In the case of dry weather after sowing, it is necessary to pour 1 "horse water" to keep the field moist, which can meet the water needs of the seeds of Ziyunying and meet the water and gas requirements of late rice. The growth of Chinese milk vetch requires relatively dry soil, avoiding stagnant water. During the whole growth period, drainage ditch should be opened to keep the plants from dipping.
(2) Pursue the seedling fertilizer before winter. Planting ash and manure are generally applied as top dressings from the seedling stage to the spring. Generally, after emergence, 250-300 kg of thin manure water per acre is combined with drought-resistant pouring, and the warm-light conditions before winter are fully utilized to accelerate seedling growth. In the middle and early December, the application of the fertilizer to prevent freezing damage, 400-500 kg per mu of fertile fertilizer plus 25-30 kg of superphosphate.
(3) Chasing spring fertilizer to promote spring hair. After the spring, 2 to 4 kg of urea per mu is applied, and 0.2% borax solution is sprayed twice on the foliage to increase the yield of fresh grass by 20%. In the spring, chamomile is suitable for the period of “rainwater†to “convulsionsâ€. Generally, 50-100 kg of human and animal excrement per acre is applied to water, or 3.5 to 4 kg of urea is applied or poured with water. . The flower bud period is the period in which the plant grows vigorously, and the nutrients needed during this period are large. When phosphorus is undernutrition, the roots are chased by phosphorus, which has a certain effect on the yield of seeds, especially in the red soil with phosphorus deficiency. The effect is more remarkable.
6. Control pests and diseases. The main pests and diseases of Chinese milk vetch have sclerotinia sclerotinia and aphids, leaf miners, thrips, etc., and timely spraying and prevention. For aphids and leaf miners, it is generally sprayed with omethoate or dichlorvos 1000 times. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum occurs in the spring, with 50% of thiophanate 50g per acre, or 50% of carbendazim 100g with 800-1000 times of liquid spray 1 or 2 times.
7. Retaining technology. The breeding and utilization of Ziyunying for a long time must ensure that there is a certain amount of seeds per year to maintain the continuation of the plant population. According to the test, the application of 10 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer per acre and 10 to 15 kg of grass ash can significantly improve seed yield and quality. Due to the inconsistent maturity of the Astragalus pods, it is generally known that the second layer of fruit pods will be buried in time in early May.
After the second year, we must do a good job of “opening the three ditch, field management, pest control, timely burialâ€, etc., and the whole planting process saves the collection and planting procedures. Such a cycle of recurring, increasing soil fertility year by year, can achieve the purpose of fertilizer field.
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