Modern renewable energy technologies are developing extremely rapidly and will surpass natural gas shortly after 2010, becoming the second largest electric fuel after coal. The cost of renewable energy is reduced as technology matures, assuming that rising fossil fuel prices and strong policy support provide an opportunity for the renewable energy industry to get rid of subsidies and promote emerging technologies into the mainstream .
In this forecast, non-hydro renewables (except biomass) such as wind, solar, geothermal, tidal and wave energy are growing at a rate of 7.2%, exceeding the global average annual growth rate of any other energy source. The use of renewable energy in the power industry accounts for the majority of growth. The proportion of non-hydro renewable energy in total power generation increased from 1% in 2006 to 4% in 2030. Despite the increase in hydropower production, its share of electricity fell by two percentage points to 14%. The growth of renewable energy generation in the OECD countries exceeds the combined growth of fossil fuels and nuclear power generation.
At present, the utilization technologies of biomass energy, solar energy, wind energy, hydroelectric power, geothermal energy, etc. have been applied.
At present, the proportion of renewable energy in primary energy is generally low. On the one hand, it is related to the importance of different countries and policies, on the other hand, it is related to the high cost of renewable energy technologies, especially the high-tech solar energy. According to IEA's forecast research, biomass energy, wind energy, etc., will reduce the cost of renewable energy generation in the next 30 years, thereby increasing its competitiveness. The cost of renewable energy use is related to many factors, so the results of cost forecasting have certain uncertainties. However, these predictions indicate that the cost of renewable energy utilization technology will continue to decline.
The Chinese government attaches great importance to the research and development of renewable energy. The State Economic and Trade Commission has formulated the "10th Five-Year Plan" for the development of new energy and renewable energy industries, and formulated and promulgated the "Renewable Energy Law of the People's Republic of China", focusing on the development of solar thermal utilization, wind power generation, efficient use of biomass energy and The use of geothermal energy. In recent years, with the support of the state, China has made great progress in the fields of wind power generation, ocean energy tidal power generation and solar energy utilization.
New energy (or more suitable for renewable energy) mainly includes: solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, and biomass energy. After decades of exploration, many experts at home and abroad have said that this energy method cannot be vigorously developed. It will not only rob the land resources on which humans depend, but will also lead to unhealthy development of society; geothermal energy The use of development and air-conditioning has the same characteristics. For example, large-scale development will inevitably lead to the destruction of the surface soil environment in the region, which will inevitably lead to another ecological environment change. Wind and solar energy are inexhaustible for the earth. Inexhaustible healthy energy, they will become the mainstream of alternative energy in the future.
Solar power generation has the characteristics of simple layout and convenient maintenance. It has a wide application range. Now the global installed capacity has begun to catch up with traditional wind power generation. In Germany, it is even close to 5%-8% of the total power generation in the country. We did not expect that the time limitation of solar power generation has caused an impact on the power grid. How to solve this problem has become a major confusion in the energy industry.
Wind power began to enter the historical stage at the end of the 19th century. In the development of more than one hundred years, it has always been the only one in the field of new energy. Because of its relatively low cost, it has become the new energy choice for each country to compete for development. However, with the increasing number of large-scale wind farms, the occupied land is also expanding, and the social contradictions that have arisen are becoming increasingly prominent. How to solve this problem has become another confusion for us.
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