Scientists at the University of Waterloo in Canada have announced a major breakthrough in lithium-sulphur (Li-S) battery technology. With an ultra-thin nanomaterial, they have developed a more durable sulfur cathode. The technology is expected to produce lighter, better-performing, and cheaper electric vehicle batteries. The related papers were published in the recently published "Nature and Communications" magazine.
According to a report from the Physicist Organization Network on January 13, the new material discovered by Linda Nazar, a professor of chemistry at the University of Waterloo, and her research team can maintain the stability of the sulfur cathode and overcome the current manufacturing of lithium-sulfur batteries. The main obstacles faced. In theory, lithium-sulfur batteries of the same weight not only provide electric vehicles with three times the life of current ordinary lithium-ion batteries, but they are also cheaper than lithium-ion batteries. Prof. Nazar, who is also director of the Solid State Energy Materials Research Center of Canada, said that this is a major step forward and that high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries are in sight.
Nazar's team's research on lithium-sulfur battery technology was first known in 2009. At the time, they published a paper in the journal Nature that demonstrated the feasibility of lithium-sulfur batteries using nanomaterials. In theory, sulfur is more competitive as a cathode material than lithium cobalt oxides currently used in lithium-ion batteries. Because sulfur reserves are abundant, they are light and inexpensive. Unfortunately, because the sulfur dissolves into the electrolyte solution and forms sulfides, the cathode made of sulfur will be consumed after only a few weeks, resulting in battery failure.
Nazar's team initially thought that porous carbon or graphene could stabilize polysulfide by trapping. But what turned them into an unexpected twist was that it was not. The ultimate answer was neither porous carbon nor porous graphene but metal oxides.
Their initial research on metal oxides was published in the journal Nature Communications published in August last year. Although researchers have since discovered that manganese dioxide nanoplates perform better than titanium dioxide, new papers mainly clarify their working mechanism.
Nazar said: "Before new materials are developed, you must focus on this phenomenon and find out their operating mechanism." The researchers found that the chemical activity of the ultra-thin manganese dioxide nanoplate surface can better fix the sulfur. The cathode, and finally a high-performance cathode material that can be recharged over 2000 cycles.
The researchers stated that the chemical reaction on the surface of this material is similar to the chemical reaction in the Vöge Rodel solution found in the German Golden Age of sulfur chemistry in 1845. Nazar said: "The irony is that very few scientists nowadays have studied or even taught about sulphur chemistry. So we have to look for documents a long time ago to understand this technology that may fundamentally change our future. ."
The paper's first author, postdoctoral researcher Xiao Liang (University of Waterloo) and graduate students Conner Hart and Pang Quan (transliteration) also found that graphene oxide also seems to have a similar working mechanism. They are currently investigating other oxides to determine the most effective sulfur-fixing material.
It is reported that Prof. Nazar will give a more detailed introduction to this lithium-sulfur battery technology at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). (Wang Xiaolong)
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