"China's Apple Capital" in Shandong Qixia has an area of ​​650,000 mu of orchards, and each year, it can trim over more than 20 tons of fallen branches. These discarded branches had previously been used only as firewood, piled up and placed in front of houses of villagers. This wastes resources and affects the appearance of the village. It has become a difficult problem in the construction of rural spiritual civilization. Can we find a comprehensive approach to fruit tree branches? A few days ago, we came to the mushroom shed of Ma Weihong, a peasant in Xijia Village in the Xicheng Town of the city. I saw mushroom clusters and aromas overflowing. According to him, only this shed has 10,000 sticks of sticks, and it has already earned more than 20,000 yuan by the end of August. The raw materials used to produce these mushrooms are the abandoned branches of apple trees.
As a nutrient for the production of edible mushrooms, fruit trees have now been used in the vast rural areas of Qixia. Edible mushroom production has become another pillar industry for the farmers in Qixia to become rich. How did the fruit branches in the past become "golden branches"? What about?
"Invisible hand" point fruit branch change gold branch?
Fruit tree branches have become a booming “tree economyâ€. This is the strongest feeling that we have entered the rural area of ​​Qixia City, Shandong Province. In order to open up the door for farmers to increase income, the city has integrated the comprehensive utilization of discarded branches of fruit trees with the adjustment of industrial structure and opened up a new revenue-generating channel for a mushroom industry.
Edible fungus is one of the earliest cultivated history in China, and its export volume is increasing year by year. The raw materials needed for its production are mainly broad-leaved trees. In the past, the main producing areas of mushroom-based edible fungi were in the southern region and other producing areas. Most of their production materials were supplied by felling forests. Because of the implementation of the national ecological forest protection project, production raw materials were limited and the mushroom farmers had to Purchasing from the outside, this provides an opportunity for the development of edible fungus in the northern region, forming the trend of the north mushroom migration.
In 2001, Qixia City took the opportunity to grasp the national “Northern Mushrooms to Move Northwards†in a timely manner and took the lead in the introduction of shiitake mushroom production technology and fine varieties in the south. The use of discarded apple shoots as raw materials, selected some rural villages for typical demonstrations, and soon achieved success. The advantages of Xiaolida and not mistaking agricultural income have formed a strong momentum of development throughout the city. The city now has 10 specialized edible mushroom producing villages and 110 professional villages. The city's edible fungus has grown to 15 million sticks. This year it is expected to increase the income of the farmers by more than 100 million yuan and become a successor to the production areas of Shanghai and Zhejiang, Sichuan and Guangxi, and Fujian Province. One of the important edible fungi production areas in the north after the producing areas.
The director of the edible fungus production office of the city, Li, calculated a bill: 1,000 sticks of mushroom can be cultivated per ton of apple shoots, and 200,000 tons of shoots can be trimmed and dropped every year in Qixia's 650,000-mu orchard, and more than 200 million sticks of mushrooms can be cultivated. The net income of 3 yuan can increase farmers' income by 600 million yuan and increase the per capita income by 1,000 yuan. Through accounting, this set of figures is very encouraging and inspiring: It is the market's "invisible hand" that points to gold and branches to "golden branches."
Technology urges thousands of flowering mushrooms
Without the support of science and technology, the branches can only be firewood and will not become the favorite green food for consumers at home and abroad. For farmers in Qixia, Shandong, mushroom cultivation technology is a new topic. How to make fungus sticks, how to inoculate, how to control the temperature and humidity, strengthen the management of the fungus period, etc., need to learn and master. This is undoubtedly another "hurdle" that Qixia growers need to survive on the road to science and technology.
In the city, four experts from the Northwest A&F University signed a technical service contract, and recruited three students of the edible mushroom specialties to work. The municipal edible fungi production office was set up to take charge of the production of edible fungi in their respective jurisdictions. The base village is equipped with 1-2 technicians who are responsible for the production guidance of this base. At the same time, regular employment of experts from the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian Agriculture Department, and the Provincial Edible Fungi Workstation took classes, and signed a summer anti-season cultivation technology contract with Zhejiang Jinyun Mushroom Export Co., Ltd., so that the city's edible fungus production technology level The northern region leads the way. In Chixiangkou Village, Songshan Township, we felt more strongly that technology is the “catalyst†for the conversion of fruit trees. In greenhouses, mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, and other edible mushrooms are mostly cultivated in the autumn harvest. In the winter and in the spring, the entire greenhouse is idle. During this period, edible mushroom market varieties are small and the prices are good. Mushroom farmers who have tasted the sweetness of technology have invited experts to offer suggestions on the utilization rate of greenhouses.
In the spring of last year, with the help of the town’s technical staff, Chixiangkou Village was newly built on more than 40 acres of high-grade greenhouses and put more than 600,000 kilograms of bacterial materials. The average income of each greenhouse was nearly 10,000 yuan. This spring, the village Party branch secretary Jia Xiangguo found out on the Internet that the mushroom production can realize the recycling of mushroom sticks, and he tried to recruit a senior technical talent from the Shouguang Edible Fungi Research Institute. Under the guidance of technicians, the traditional mode of production that only one shed of sheds can be harvested in one shed was changed, and a new mode of producing three kinds of oysters in one shed per year was realized: the waste mushroom bar for producing mushrooms, which is exactly for Coprinus comatus Production provides raw materials, while Coprinus comatus waste can be harvested to produce straw mushrooms. In this way, one feed and recycling are realized, which not only saves costs, but also improves efficiency. Only this one can increase the income of the people by more than 1.5 million yuan.
"Tree Branch Economy" has an attractive outlook
The prosperity and decline of the “branch economy†depends on the market prospects of edible fungus for end products. According to the person in charge of the Office of Edible Mushrooms in Qixia City, at the beginning of the development of edible fungi, they conducted several inspections and comprehensive analysis of the domestic and foreign markets of edible fungus production. The edible fungus industry is recognized worldwide as a set of economic and social benefits. With the eco-efficiency in one of the Chaoyang industries, edible fungi are hailed as the 21st century green health foods, and the production is increasing at a rate of 10% per year, and the consumption is 5-20% of the soil per year. The world's entrepreneurial lab elab.icxo. With increasing degree of com, the development prospect is broad and the market has great potential. In recent years, domestic and foreign markets dominated by fresh mushrooms have grown steadily, and the market for fresh mushrooms has shifted from the south to the north. This provides an opportunity for the development of the mushroom industry in northern China. In recent years, the edible mushroom industry is in the ascendant in Qixia. Despite its obvious comparative advantage, Qixia people are still afraid to slack off. They are committed to doing a good job in two articles: The first is to expand the size of the mushroom industry, and actively develop new varieties such as straw mushrooms and oyster mushrooms to optimize the product structure of the bacteria industry.
Xiamen Inspection District Implements a Record-based System for Exporting Edible Fungi Bases
From 2008, mushrooms, black fungus, white fungus, mushrooms and other four Xiamen ports will mainly export edible fungi for preservation, drying, salting, and freezing. All the planting bases will be put on the record, and a certification inspection system will be strictly implemented. Ensure product quality.
From January 2007, Xiamen Inspection and Quarantine Bureau implemented a base filing system for edible fungi. As of December 2007, 33 companies in the inspection area in Xiamen have obtained qualifications for registration. The number of products produced in the bases for the records involved mushrooms, black fungus and other products have reached a total size of 33.538 million bags. The registration of export cultivation bases has played an important role in promoting source management and safeguarding the quality and safety of exports, and has also strongly promoted exports. According to statistics, Xiamen last year exported 2,429 batches of edible fungi, 18,575 tons, 8,606.60 million US dollars.