[China Aluminium Network] Red Mud is a hazardous by-product generated during the alumina extraction process in the aluminum industry. Its name stems from its high iron oxide content, which gives it a reddish-brown hue resembling mud. For each ton of alumina produced, approximately 0.8 to 1.5 tons of red mud is discharged. This waste not only occupies valuable land and wastes resources but also poses serious environmental risks and safety concerns. Managing this "waste" has long been a challenge for the alumina sector.
According to information obtained by reporters on the 23rd from the Shanxi Provincial Economic and Information Technology Commission, Shanxi aims to enhance the comprehensive utilization of red mud by issuing the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for Red Mud Utilization in Shanxi Province. By 2015, the plan sets a target of achieving a 15% to 20% utilization rate, with an annual comprehensive utilization volume of over 1.5 million tons. Additionally, one or two provincial-level production, research, and development institutions will be established to focus on the technological advancement of red mud resource utilization. These centers will aim to break through 3 to 5 critical technologies, upgrade equipment, create demonstration projects, and develop 3 to 5 industrialization示范基地, while fostering leading enterprises in red mud utilization.
In 2010, Shanxi produced 4,315,100 tons of alumina, accounting for roughly 14% of China's total production. This corresponded to around 4.93 million tons of red mud, representing approximately 10% of China's annual output. Currently, the comprehensive utilization rate of red mud in Shanxi remains below 1%. With a cumulative stockpile of 36.09 million tons, most of the red mud is stored in open-air facilities, with many dams constructed using the material. Interestingly, the red mud in Shanxi contains relatively high levels of rare earth elements, with antimony concentrations being 2 to 3 times higher than the economic reserves. Extracting these rare earths and scarce metals from alumina red mud holds significant economic and strategic importance.
Several alumina producers in Shanxi, including Shanxi Luneng Jinbei Aluminum and Chinalco Shanxi Branch, have undertaken extensive research into red mud utilization technologies, with some products nearing commercialization. According to relevant officials at the Shanxi Provincial Economic and Information Commission, during the "12th Five-Year Plan" period, Shanxi will strengthen supportive policies for red mud utilization, increase financial incentives, and initiate demonstration projects. These efforts will cover existing funding channels, investment policies, and other areas to drive advancements in red mud utilization technologies and industrial equipment.
In the coming years, the comprehensive management and utilization of red mud will continue to be a focal point for both the government and the industry. The potential for innovation in this field could transform what was once considered a waste product into a valuable resource, offering new opportunities for sustainable development in Shanxi’s aluminum industry.
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