At the "3rd National Oil and Chemical Heat Exchanger Technology and Equipment Exchange Conference" held in Wuxi on July 18, 2013, Mao Shengyi, a senior engineer from Maoming Gravity Petrochemical Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd., introduced an innovative approach to improving sealing technology in high-parameter heat exchangers. He suggested combining the advantages of traditional structures by applying spherical diaphragm sealing technology—integrating welding and diaphragm sealing—to the port sealing of the tube sheet end. This method, he argued, could offer a simpler structure with more reliable sealing performance.
With the rapid development of the petrochemical and coal chemical industries, high-temperature, high-pressure, and high-risk media are increasingly being used in large-scale equipment. As a result, traditional port sealing technologies are encountering new challenges. For example, hydrogen exchangers operating under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions have evolved from conventional long-neck flange designs to threaded lock ring seals or simplified internal and external two-ring bolt seals, and even Ω ring seals. However, there have been instances of leakage at the tube sheet ends in such configurations.
Traditional welded seals are often used in flanged joints that experience harsh conditions and are not frequently disassembled. These seals can be applied without gaskets, offering a simple structure. Compared to standard gasket seals used in high-pressure environments, this non-gasket design is more reliable, especially under extreme temperature variations and high thermal stress.
On the other hand, diaphragm seals have a long history of use in pipeline fittings like pumps and valves, where their reliability has been well established. The spherical diaphragm sealing technology further enhances this by reducing the number of sealing surfaces. The welding is highly reliable, and the elastic middle part of the diaphragm allows for some deformation, which helps protect the weld joint. This design offers a simple structure, shorter manufacturing and installation time, easier maintenance, and lower overall costs. Additionally, spherical diaphragms are typically made from austenitic stainless steel, providing corrosion resistance for certain types of media.
Chen Sunyi noted that the spherical diaphragm seal is still a relatively new sealing technology in China. Although it has seen successful applications abroad, domestic understanding and adoption of the technology are still in early stages and require further research and development.
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