Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) are working hard to create the world's thinnest solar cell design, and hope to promote another new direction of solar cell research.
According to researchers, although current solar cell designs mostly seek to achieve high conversion efficiency at the lowest cost, they often overlook the need for thin and light dimensions. However, for mobile electronic devices, light and thin have always been the primary design goals, and solar cell design has always emphasized high conversion efficiency.
Today, according to MIT, light and thin solar cell designs have become increasingly popular in remote areas such as aerospace and space applications, as well as high transportation costs. In the future, as materials become scarcer, ultra-thin solar cells can be used to protect natural resources and even reduce installation costs.
MIT professor Jeffrey Grossman: "As to how can we become the thinnest solar cell? Our prediction is to use only two layers of battery design." Jeffrey Grossman and postdoctoral fellow Marco Bernardi, and visiting researcher Maurizia Palummo at the University of Rome in collaboration This research.
Grossman further explained, "There are indeed many applications that must consider the weight, so use the thinnest active layer material possible and minimize the package, resulting in a thinner, more durable substrate, which will eventually change the entire installation. In addition, it also helps to solve a core issue: How much power can we save from each atom or bond of a particular material?"
MIT estimates that its ultra-thin solar cell film -- basically a 2D thin layer about 1 nanometer in thickness -- is more than 1,000 times more energy-efficient than a conventional solar cell. However, its disadvantages are its low efficiency and the need for 10 times more area than existing solar cells to produce the same amount of energy, because ultra-thin solar cells have an efficiency of about 2%, while conventional solar cells (PCs) can achieve Up to 20% efficiency. However, researchers have planned to use a stacked layered structure of ultra-thin 2D solar cells to increase their efficiency.
Grossman said: "We predict that the two-tier stacking may reach 1-2% efficiency, but of course it may stack more than two layers, which can improve efficiency. The efficiency of batteries made from 2D materials should also be able to achieve the current "traditional" PV is about 10-20% efficient."
Researchers are still simulating the ultra-thin solar cell materials used in the prototype design. Through precise simulation processes, atomic graphene films, molybdenum disulfide, and diselenide compounds are used for laminated sheets of various topologies. The advantages of these designs lie not only in the lighter and lighter advantages of conventional solar cells, but also in the effects of oxidation, ultraviolet radiation, and moisture in the environment - these three are often the killers of long-term stability of conventional solar cells. In addition, compared to conventional PV installations, because the new ultra-thin design does not require a glass cover or cooling installation, it can save more than half the cost.
Bernardi said: “Ultra-thin solar cells are expected to reduce installation costs. Currently, silicon-based solar cell modules are already very heavy, and they are even heavier after protecting glass. At present, solar cell arrays account for 60% of the total installation cost, mainly Due to the weight, therefore, in order to achieve a lighter solar cell, we expect to find an ultra-thin mechanically flexible material that can be used as a plastic package instead of a glass material to establish a new direction for solar cell installation. â€
Compared with traditional solar cells, the material cost of ultra-thin solar cells is expected to be greatly reduced. However, researchers have not yet been able to establish this prototype in the laboratory, and thus can not make the material mass production. Next, the researchers plan to start measuring efficiency and long-term stability in the laboratory for a variety of different material formulations and stacking structures.
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