European Space Agency is manufacturing precision space probes to find cosmic gravitational waves

According to foreign media reports, the LISA "Pathfinder" gravitational wave detector created by the European Space Agency is an important event in the field of cosmology research this year. European scientists are trying to challenge the gravitational wave again. According to Einstein's general theory of relativity, events such as mergers and collisions of massive celestial bodies can form powerful gravitational waves, such as the ripples in the air.

Although the formation process of gravitational waves involves celestial events such as black holes and supernovae, it becomes very weak when transmitted to the earth, and more sophisticated instruments are needed to detect gravitational waves. The LISA "Pathfinder" detector is such a new weapon for finding gravitational waves. The detector has been designed and manufactured by the Airbus Defence and Space Division in the UK, and then went to Germany for final system integration and testing. . It is expected to arrive in the French Guiana launch site in September to enter the launching process.

Andy Stroomer, an Airbus technician in Hertfordshire, England, believes that we are implementing a massive gravitational wave detection program, which is a very special thing, and we may gain something in the next few years. Europe is also currently implementing the Mars landing plan and building a new factory to accommodate the manufacture of the rover, which was sent to the surface of Mars in 2019. The factory in Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK, manufactures detector bodies and propulsion units to help the detectors get into orbit.

At present, the important scientific instruments of the LISA "Pathfinder" detector are not installed, and will be in place in the next few weeks. The most important core structure in the detector is an ultra-precise measuring system consisting of two gold-plated blocks. After lifting, the two gold and platinum will separate and float freely. The gravitational waves are then detected by laser tracking their relative motion. The system is also one of the most sophisticated systems currently manufactured by humans.

Since the gold-plated platinum block is in a small enclosed space, scientists need to accurately control the temperature and magnetic field effects in the space. To do this, it is necessary to eliminate any possible interference term. After all, the design of the experiment is to accurately measure gold and platinum. The movement of the block is only a few picometers. Cesar Garcia, head of the LISA Pathfinder detector project, believes that the detector may be the most sophisticated satellite ever built, and we believe that the ultimate goal of measuring gravitational waves can be achieved.

Of course, the LISA "Pathfinder" detector is not an isolated system. The principle involves the Michelson interferometer. The scientist plans to form an equilateral triangle through three detectors, each of which is millions of kilometers away. The length is far more than the gravitational wave detection device on the ground. It can be seen that the measurement accuracy of the LISA "Pathfinder" detector is also very high, and it is expected to detect the gravitational waves transmitted to the Earth by the distant universe.

At present, several developed countries and regions are advancing the detection of gravitational waves, and several large gravitational wave interferometric base stations have been constructed in comparison with leading-edge enterprises such as Japan, the United States and Europe. The LIGO gravitational wave detection project jointly developed by Caltech and MIT is one of the most cutting-edge gravitational wave projects. The two detectors are several kilometers away and the measuring arm is L-shaped, but no gravitational waves have been detected so far. The LISA detector has a measuring arm of one million kilometers and is therefore the most promising device for detecting gravitational waves.

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