Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, August 14th Interview: Let China's genetically modified carp swim to the table as soon as possible - Interview with Zhu Zuoyan, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
Xinhua News Agency reporter Peng Yu Lin Xiaochun
Recently, a U.S. company announced that its genetically modified salmon has been marketed. This is the first genetically modified animal product approved for human consumption. What is less known is that the earliest scientists in the world have successfully cultivated genetically modified fish were Chinese scientists. Why did China's genetically modified fish fail to go public?
When Zhu Zuoyan, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, accepted an interview with Xinhua News Agency reporters, he said that the scientific knowledge of genetically modified foods needs to be strengthened, dispel the public’s doubts, and promote the use of genetically-modified squid—a crown fish—in China as soon as possible. dining table.
Zhu Zuoyan is a researcher at the Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He explained that as early as 1983 they studied genetically modified fish, and in 1985 they officially published the world's first successful papers on genetically modified fish, more than three years ahead of their Western counterparts. Later, the research team implanted the grass carp growth factor gene into the Yellow River Clam, which was selected through several generations.
He still remembers the taste when he first tasted the crown: A braised crown was brought to the table and it tasted delicious and the meat was delicate. “From the taste, it does not distinguish between the crown and the Yellow River.â€
"Compared with the control carp, in the same culture conditions, the crown gall growth rate is faster, the market size can be achieved that year, the farming cycle is reduced by half, the breeding cost and manpower investment are reduced, and the breeding risk is reduced; and the quality and control of the crown gall鲤 鲤 鲤 鲤 鲤 鲤 鲤 鲤 鲤 鲤 鲤 作 作 作 作 作 作 作 作.
The North American-listed genetically modified Salmon was implanted with the growth hormone gene of Chinook salmon, the largest fish in the salmon family, to promote its rapid growth. Similarly, the gene for grass carp, which grows fast, is implanted in the crown gall. Therefore, the crown gall contains a small amount of grass carp growth hormone.
But this does not affect the safety of food. The amount of hormones consumed for eating a crown is only equivalent to eating two common squid. And fish growth hormone is a kind of protein, after steaming, boiling, frying and other cooking processes, it will break down into amino acids and lose the physiological function of hormones, not a steroid hormone that affects human health.
The basic medicine school of Wuhan University and the National Food Safety Risk Assessment Center have conducted studies on nutrition, toxicology, and sensitization of the crown gall, systematically evaluated and confirmed that the crown gall is equivalent to the Yellow River turtle, and the food is safe.
As to whether Guantao will escape into the wild and cause “genetic pollution,†Zhu Zuoyian's team conducted ecological studies on different levels of molecules, individuals, populations and communities and found that the surviving ability of crown gall was lower than that of common carp, even if mating with ordinary carp produced offspring. It will not lead to the formation of dominant populations and bring about "genetic pollution." The research team also cultivated the triploid carp “Geeâ€, which, like the seedless watermelon, does not produce fertile offspring and fundamentally avoids risks.
"Comparing with the research and development of genetically modified salmon in the United States, the food safety and ecological safety evaluation and ecological safety countermeasure research of China's cormorant have not only fully complied with all regulatory requirements of the United States Food and Drug Administration, the World Health Organization and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations for approval of genetically modified animals. And the deployment is more advanced, the experiment is more complete, and the data is more detailed.†Zhu Zuoyan said.
However, Guan Hao has not been listed. According to the current laws and regulations related to the safety management of genetically modified organisms in China, the safety assessment of genetically modified organisms needs to undergo five stages of experimental research, intermediate testing, environmental release, production testing, and safety certification. After the completion of the intermediate trial in 2000, there was no progress in the long-term assessment of the safety of coronary arteries because of social disputes over genetically modified foods.
In recent years, society and the public have gained more understanding of genetically modified foods, and the success of transgenic salmon in North America has also given the research team confidence. Therefore, the research team reapplied and completed the crown test, which is currently in the environmental release test phase.
The GM salmon has undergone a lengthy approval process before it is marketed in North America. As early as 1989, Canadian scientists had cultivated genetically modified salmon, but it was not until 2010 that the US Food and Drug Administration confirmed that the salmon as food is as “safe as†traditional salmon and does not pose a hazard to the environment. After another five years of approval process, the US Food and Drug Administration officially approved genetically modified salmon for human consumption in 2015. Six months later, Canadian regulators made similar decisions.
However, due to the controversy over genetically modified foods in the United States and the lobbying of some people to protect the wild salmon market, genetically modified salmon is temporarily unavailable in the United States and can only be exported to Canada first.
Zhu Zuoyan said: "As the first genetically modified animal product that was allowed to climb onto the table of humans, the GM salmon has undergone rigorous examination for nearly 20 years. This fully demonstrates that we must respect the management decisions of new biotechnology industries including genetically modified fish. The laws of science must also take into account the degree of acceptance of social public opinions. The popularization of relevant scientific knowledge and the industrialization of enterprises are the indispensable conditions for the promotion of high-tech development and the success of innovative industries."
He believes that if China's genetically modified carp wants to “walk†from the laboratory to the dining table, it still needs relevant departments to formulate regulations and operating rules for the market access of genetically modified agricultural animal species in China. Faced with the public's doubts about genetically modified foods, the government, scientific research institutions, and the media are required to uphold the scientific concept and publicize and interpret the public in a comprehensive and objective manner.
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