Tools are the most direct assistants and companions for sculptors to create. Engraving knives and their auxiliary tools play an important role in the process of making wood carvings. As the saying goes: "People are as smart as home" and "three-point craftsmanship is seven." Looking at a person's craftsmanship, you only need to look at his tools to know, and the maintenance of the tools can also prove the quality of the workers. In the creation of woodcarving, the tools are ready to be used, which not only improves the work efficiency, but also can fully exert their own skills in the styling, so that the knives can be refined and smooth, clear and smooth, and increase the artistic expression of the works.
Carving knife
There are many, basically divided into two categories. One type is the "Weng Guan-shaped" blank knife, commonly known as "cutting the wild", "the blank knife", and the other is the "drill-shaped" light-cutting knife, which is mainly used for digging and trimming. The widest chisel is 4-6 cm, and the narrowest chisel is only the tip of the needle. Beginner woodcarvers must first understand their respective uses when selecting tools, and then purchase them at the place of origin, manufacturer or blacksmith shop. The blank knives are produced in Zhejiang Dongyang, Wenzhou Yueqing and Suzhou Guangfu. In some places, the art materials store can also buy more suitable wood carving tools. If you can learn to do it yourself if it is inconvenient or impossible to buy, the advantage of doing it yourself is that regardless of the type, size and shape of the knife, you can choose your own choice. You can add handy tools at any time according to different purposes and needs. However, the self-made tools are limited to the "drill strip shape" used for finishing. Some people have tried to use a steel plate to tamper into a blank knife. For example, the blank knives and the trowels used in Fujian are made directly from iron bars or steel bars. Because the top of the iron handle is square, it is not necessary to use a wooden handle to make a blank. The types and uses of wood carving knives and their production methods are introduced one by one.
Round knife: The cutting edge has a circular arc shape, which is mostly used for round and round dents. It is also very useful for carving traditional flowers. For example, the round faces of flowers, petals and flower branches need to be shaped with a circular knife. The horizontal knife is more labor-saving and can adapt to large fluctuations and small changes. Moreover, the line of the round knife is not certain, it is flexible and easy to explore. Depending on the application, the size of the round knife should be different, ranging from 5 cm to 0.5 cm. The two corners of the knife-shaped figure should be ground and rounded, otherwise the carving pattern or other dents will not only push but also damage the sides of the dent. If you are doing embossing, you should keep the two corners of the knife edge and use the function of the corner to engrave the corner of the corner. Therefore, you need to equip two kinds. The round knife has the opposite side, the bevel is in the groove, and the back of the knife is straight. It is a round knife. It is deeper in wood and is most suitable for round carving, especially in the stage of blanking and blanking. The bevel is on the back of the knife, and the straight inside is a round knife in the groove. The wood is deeper and can be used for gentle walking or ticking. It is more useful in the relief. The shape of the round knife can also be made into a curved shape of the iron rod as needed to extend into the deeper part to dig the hole.
Flat Knife: The cutting edge is straight, which is mainly used to slash the surface of the shovel flat wood to make it smooth and seamless. The large model can also be used for chiseling large, with a piece of surface, and the use of the method, such as the brushstroke effect of painting, looks powerful, vivid and natural. The sharp angle of the flat knife can be engraved, and the knife or the engraved pattern can be removed when the two knives intersect. Wood carving figures from Sweden and the Soviet Union use flat knives and have a strong woody knife.
Oblique knife: The edge of the knife is about 45 degrees, which is mainly used for the corners of the joints of the work and the slits of the hollow for the chamfering. If the corner of the character is engraved, the oblique knife is better. The knife is divided into a forehand and a backhand to suit each direction. In the boxwood carvings of Shanghai, the hair crepe is usually cut with a diagonal knife, and the knife is used to transport the knife. The hair effect is more vivid and natural than that with a triangular knife.
Jade knife: commonly known as "the monk head", "butterfly chisel", the cutting edge is a circular arc shape, is a kind of light-cutting knife between the round knife and the flat knife, divided into arc and oblique arc. They can be replaced when the flat and round knives cannot be used. The feature is more moderate, neither as straight as a flat knife, nor as deep as a round knife, suitable for use on concave undulations.
Medium steel knife: The edge of the blade has a slope on both sides. Also known as "printing knife." The traditional engraving believes that the middle steel blade is in the middle of the blade, and it can be used to keep the front straight and keep the surrounding part free from vibration. The medium steel knife is also used to inscribe the pattern patterns on the costumes and props.
Triangle knife: The cutting edge is triangular, because its front is on the left and right sides, and the sharp points are on the middle corner. To make a triangular knife, use the applicable tool steel (usually 4-6 mm round steel), mill a 55-60 degree triangular groove, smooth the two waists, and grind the mouth end into a cutting edge. The angle is large, the carved lines are thick, and vice versa. The triangular knife is mainly used to engrave the decorative lines of hair. It is also a commonly used tool for engraving and watermark woodcut art. When operating, the triangular tip is pushed on the board, the wood chips are spit out from the triangular groove, and the triangle tip is pushed over. Then draw the lines.
When choosing to use the above tools, pay attention to the difference in the use of the thickness of the cutter head. The so-called cutter head is the section of the knife that is actually used. The thinner the knife, the sharper it is, but the worse the fastness. According to this situation, the cutter head for opening the blank can be appropriately thicker to withstand the hammering and squeezing of the hammer; the knives for polishing are thinner, so that the thin knife can be used to polish the wood. . In short, the tool selection configuration must be strictly in accordance with the nature of the process, can not be replaced at will, and should be guaranteed in both quantity and quality. In traditional craft carving, wood carving tools often have more than one hundred pieces, and the process is generally at least There are also 30 pieces. Of course, only a small part is used frequently, and some are only used occasionally.
Auxiliary tools for woodcarving: mainly refers to hammers, rafts, axes, and saws. The purpose of the axe is to cut the wood with a large amount of blanks. Pay attention to the excessive force when cutting. Do not straighten it down. The axe blade should be kept at about 45 degrees with the vertical grain. Otherwise, the wood will crack. The purpose of the raft is mainly in the stage of the blank of the round sculpture, which can replace the flat knife to smooth the knife mark and smooth it for polishing; it can also be used for the hollowing process instead of the round knife or the oblique knife. The role of the raft is also to quickly adjust the shape structure in a large area, and can be used in combination with the carving knife to make the shape of the figure of the figure turn vividly and smoothly, and it is vivid and tangible. The shape of the wood carving hammer is flat, flat, wide and square. The hammer surface scale can be controlled at about 7 × 5.5 × 2.5 cm. Too narrow or too thick will affect the accuracy and uniformity of the hammer landing point. The hammer is divided into two types: wooden and iron. The wooden hammer is generally made of hardwood with a large wood ratio, such as mahogany, boxwood, sandalwood, eucalyptus and fruit trees. Its specifications can be 27 cm long and 55 cm wide. The thickness is about 45 cm; the grip is round and slightly flat, and the size is suitable for holding in the hand.
Wood carving aids also include small electric woodworking polishers and electric pistol drills. The purpose of the polishing machine is only the surface treatment after the work is completed. It can replace the large-area polishing of the hand work, which saves time and effort. However, it is limited to the large and medium-sized works with flat volume. The pistol drill mainly uses hollow holes to punch holes. When doing large engraving, you can use it to cut the outline.
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