Watering in the winter shed should pay attention to these matters!

First, the relationship between watering in the winter shed should pay attention to

1, the relationship between watering and ground temperature

The ground temperature of greenhouse vegetables is usually 3 °C-8 °C higher than the lower limit of shed temperature. After pouring water, the ground temperature is reduced from 20 °C to below 10 °C. It is easy to break through the minimum ground temperature required by vegetables. The roots of vegetables cause great damage and affect the growth of vegetables. This requires that the winter watering should be carried out on a sunny day. The temperature of the shed should be increased by about 2 °C on the first day and the day of watering. The temperature of the shed should be increased by 3 °C on the first day after watering, so as to rely on the higher shed temperature. Increase the ground temperature, make the ground temperature drop smaller, and recover as soon as possible. The watering amount of winter vegetables should also be appropriately reduced, the amount of watering is large, and the ground temperature is slowly recovered after watering, which may cause physiological diseases of vegetables.

2, the relationship between watering and water demand

When the drought is not watered, the foliage of the vegetables is wilting, or even dried up. The fruit will be dull or umbilical rot due to drought. Watering without drip, unless the vegetables have special physiological needs, it is easy to cause roots and roots, which seriously affects the growth and development of vegetables.

3, the relationship between watering and gas permeability

After watering and ventilating vegetables, the water takes up the gaps in the soil, so that the air is discharged, and the roots of the vegetables need to breathe the air. The lack of air supply will cause the roots to suffocate, but the roots are injured and the growth is slow. Poor, heavy root browning, capillary root death, and even decay caused by disease, the occurrence of dead trees. Especially in some soily and sticky vegetable fields, the original permeability of the clay is poor. The water permeability of the clay will be further deteriorated. This is the reason why the green leaves of the greenhouse are watered in the greenhouse. .

Second, watering should pay attention to the method

1, it is recommended to use drip irrigation, avoid flooding

The watering of ordinary furrows is changed to drip irrigation under the membrane, which can increase the ground temperature by about 5 °C and reduce the air humidity by about 10%, thereby reducing the disease by more than 30%. Under low temperature conditions, the soil moisture in the greenhouse is slow to evaporate and the water demand is reduced accordingly. Therefore, the amount of water can be reduced to a small amount, and the interval time should be longer, so as to avoid the low temperature and high humidity leading to vegetable roots. The principle of watering should be suitable to meet the water demand of vegetables, preferably watering and fertilization.

2, the watering time is reasonable

Watering vegetables in greenhouses in winter should be arranged around noon, preferably after 3 pm and after 3 pm, the shed temperature is higher during this period, and the side effects are minimal after watering. Avoid watering in the morning and evening to prevent freezing damage to vegetables. Well water should be used as much as possible for watering. Due to the higher temperature of well water, physiological stimulation of vegetables can be reduced. It is also possible to use a method of storing water and increasing temperature, that is, constructing a water storage tank in a greenhouse, first watering the water through the water storage tank and then watering the vegetables. This method is simple, practical, and works well. The disadvantage is that it takes up some space in the shed.

3, watering parts should pay attention to

Watering in different parts has a focus. The temperature of each part in the greenhouse is quite different, and the watering amount is also different. For example, the temperature in the south of the greenhouse and near the heat source such as the stove and the flue is higher, the soil moisture evaporation is large, and the watering amount should be larger; The temperature in the side and the north is low, the sunshine time is short, and the watering amount should be less.

4, after the watering, manage well

Grab the shed management after watering. After watering in winter, it is easy to cause low temperature, high humidity and many diseases in the greenhouse. Therefore, the first two days after watering, the temperature should be raised to 40 °C at noon, and the shed should be raised for 1 hour to increase the ground temperature in the greenhouse. Then increase the amount of ventilation to reduce the humidity in the shed. Further, it is easy to treat the diseases of the vegetables and spray prevention to reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases in greenhouse vegetables.

Third, watering should pay attention to matters

1, pay attention to the weather, pay attention to sensation.

Be sure to watch the weather forecast before watering, not only to choose sunny watering, but also to ensure 2-3 days of sunny after watering to avoid rainy weather after watering, resulting in increased humidity in the shed and lower ground temperature. More diseases, more need to pay attention to the deep winter season, in the first two days after the cloudy days, it is not suitable for watering, should first increase the shed temperature and ground temperature, so that the plants basically return to normal and then water. If you look at the soil moisture, if you water the greenhouse when the soil is not dry, it is not only bad for raising the ground temperature, but also easy to cause the soil permeability to deteriorate, resulting in the lack of oxygen in the roots, causing roots and yellow leaves.

2, pay attention to the ground temperature, covering the mulch.

The average daily ground temperature for vegetable growth is around 22 °C. In the deep winter season, the ground temperature in the greenhouse is mostly between 15 °C and 20 °C. If the watering is excessive or the timing of watering is incorrect, the ground temperature will drop rapidly, causing root injury. It threatens the growth of the shoots of the plants. Therefore, it is best to water the plants at low temperatures after the amaranth in the morning. Covering the mulch not only reduces surface water evaporation, maintains soil moisture, reduces air humidity, reduces disease occurrence, but also increases ground temperature and accelerates vegetable growth.

3, pay attention to moderate watering, watering at the right time.

Watering the vegetables in winter and spring sheds, generally follow the principle of no shortage of water, no dry, no wet, keep the water content of crop rhizosphere soil at 60%, prevent excessive over-watering, and avoid flooding. Excessive watering tends to reduce the temperature inside the shed, and the soil temperature is unfavorable for crop growth. Winter spring shed vegetables should be poured with small water, or poured with a kettle, which can basically meet the needs of crop growth, and can prevent the temperature in the shed from dropping significantly, and the humidity is obviously increased, thus inhibiting the occurrence of a large number of pests and diseases. When the vegetables appear wilting and the tendrils cannot stand normally, it indicates that there is water shortage and should be watered in time. Watering should be carried out around noon on sunny days. After pouring, it should be properly ventilated and dampened to prevent excessive humidity in the shed, causing the spread of pests and diseases. In particular, Botrytis cinerea and Cucumber Downy Mildew can easily occur under high temperature and high humidity conditions.

4. Pay attention to regulating water temperature.

When the water temperature differs from the temperature in the shed by more than 5 °C, root damage is likely to occur. Deep well water with high water temperature, or pre-storage in the shed is better.

5, pay attention to the under-film dark irrigation.

For shed vegetables such as melons, solanaceous fruits, beans, etc., they should be covered with plastic film during cultivation. Under the film, the film can be used to heat water temperature and ground temperature, and the excessive evaporation of water can be suppressed to prevent excessive humidity in the greenhouse. To prevent the spread of pests and diseases.

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