Over the years, people have changed, and the world has changed. But our vision for the future has not changed. The weak position of our migrant workers in this society has not changed. When we are tired for a day, we open the door of the 400-month rent house. Yes, it ’s so deformed. In reality, we have no choice but to feel helpless.
                   ---- Transferred from Tianya netizen shamoyuming's post
A confusing stage drama of "intercepting migrant workers"
In the beginning of the Spring Festival in 2011, there were many media reports that in Hubei, Sichuan and other labor export provinces, local governments and enterprises issued more measures to "intercept" migrant workers. situation.
Recently, through relevant data and reports, it has also been initially confirmed from a certain aspect. Han Zhikui, deputy director of the Department of Human Resources and Social Security of Henan Province, said that nearly half of the 23.63 million rural labor transfer employments in Henan Province have achieved employment in the province, reaching 11.42 million, an increase of 1.23 million from 2009 people. On February 9th, the “First Financial Daily†reported that local officials in Chongqing had a new job during the Spring Festival this year, trying to intercept part of the migrant workers who returned to their hometown for the New Year to ensure that there will be no “migrant workers shortage†in the city this year.
At this time, official data show that Shanghai's migrant workers this year are 40% less than in previous years, close to 300,000, and the gap between Beijing and Guangzhou is more than 150,000, while the gap in Shenzhen is as high as 800,000. Compared with the previous two years, this time the scale is larger and the scope is wider. The employment gap has risen from 10,000 in the past to hundreds of thousands. The region has spread from the economically developed Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta to the central and western regions. The city has extended from the past Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen to Zhengzhou, Wuhan, Chongqing, Xi'an, Lanzhou and other capital cities, and even some second-tier cities have also been affected.
Facing the fact that the resources of peasant workers in the east are scarce, Mr. Chen, the head of a furniture factory in Shunde, was very depressed about recruiting workers.
In December last year, Mr. Chen, who has rich experience in recruiting workers, began to encourage migrant workers to stay in the factory after the year by sending year-end bonuses and promising to buy insurance for migrant workers. I didn't expect the abacus to fall through. As of February 10, only 53 of the 53 migrant workers who had returned to their hometown for the Chinese New Year returned on time.
Waiting for February 14, Mr. Chen couldn't hold back any more, and he organized a intensive recruitment process in the talent market. Although the salary was increased to 3,000 yuan compared to 2,400 yuan per month last year, there were only 12 migrant workers actually signed, which is far from enough to plan the number of recruits. "Previously, the migrant workers took the initiative to come to the door, but now the salary is high but they can't recruit people." Mr. Chen wondered.
In fact, no matter how the media and factories talk about the issue of "interception of migrant workers", China still faces the indisputable fact that the resources of migrant workers are excessive.
In 2007, there was a debate about the so-called shortage of migrant workers. The research reports issued by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the Development Research Center of the State Council explain the “migrant worker shortage†from the perspective of absolute shortages, arguing that in nearly 75% of rural areas, there is no longer a young and middle-aged labor force that can be transferred. Entering the era of labor shortage ", moreover," China's labor shortage is all-round, not only the shortage of skilled workers, but also workers with no technical content have become scarce resources, and spread geographically throughout the country. " But on June 19th, at the National Rain and Dew Program Achievement Exhibition held by the Poverty Alleviation Office of the State Council, Liu Fuhe, director of the Department of Policies and Regulations of the National Poverty Alleviation Office, said: "The so-called 'migrant worker shortage' is itself a false proposition."
Lu Zhihua, Director of the Migrant Workers Work Department of the Department of Human Resources and Social Security of Henan Province, said that there are more than 70 million rural population in our province, more than 47 million rural labor, and more than 32 million surplus labor. By the end of 2010, our province has transferred 23.63 million rural labors More than 8 million people need to be transferred, and the task is still arduous.
Naked reality
Although the media and manufacturers have all expressed their concerns about "intercepting migrant workers", in the eyes of some migrant workers, the problem is far less exaggerated and complicated.
"As long as the wages are raised reasonably, I will work wherever I have more money." Said a 23-year-old migrant worker from Bozhou, Anhui. "In the past year, there has been no price increase other than wages. ? "In his view, the increasing cost of living is the main reason.
"I don't know what the market situation is. I only know that the money in my pocket can buy less and less." He told the reporter frankly. And this point, many people feel the same. Since the end of 2010, the rising price trend began to spread from food to non-food fields. In the January CPI data, the prices of eight categories of consumer goods and services, except for clothing and transportation and communications, fell slightly, the remaining six items continued to rise.
In the context of the large inflation market, another focus has begun to emerge: on the one hand, domestic companies are desperately driving down wage costs; on the other hand, huge anti-dumping taxes are paid to foreign countries. The US Wall Street Journal reported on February 15 that some Chinese furniture manufacturers had to pay millions of dollars in cash each year because of fear of anti-dumping lawsuits from American competitors. This has even become part of the American furniture manufacturers and lawyers The way to make money. On the one hand, in order to fear anti-dumping, anti-dumping taxes are paid to foreign countries; on the other hand, in order to reduce costs, the wages or wage growth of migrant workers have to be reduced far below the GDP growth rate. Among them, the deformed industrial chain is self-evident, which is more or less implicitly ironic.
In addition, the interpretation of the surface of "intercepting migrant workers" is somewhat of a coercive and inducing factor. However, the real problem of being able to retain migrant workers is probably related to their vital interests.
At the material level, the problems of production and living environment of migrant workers are more embarrassing. The Chinese furniture factory employs migrant workers with a strong seasonal color and poor job stability. When the company orders come, it recruits a few more people. When there are fewer orders, it fires a few people. After the global financial crisis, a large number of farmers are forced to return illustration. This attitude of cold and hot labor makes migrant workers who are insecure by themselves even more insatiable. Factors such as leftovers, poor working environment, inadequate supporting entertainment and leisure facilities, and lack of spiritual life have become pains in the minds of migrant workers in the furniture industry.
Ascending to the spiritual level, the lack of basic human care for migrant workers is also worth pondering. The problems of the education of migrant workers' children and the increasing age of migrant workers in the post-90s are becoming more and more prominent.
According to the recent survey data of the All China Women ’s Federation, there are currently 58 million rural left-behind children in the country, of which approximately 40 million are left-behind rural left-behind children, and nearly 30% of the parents of left-behind children have been working for more than 5 years. The long-term lack of family ties, weak escrow, and the problem of left-behind children have aroused the concern of migrant workers working abroad. A migrant worker who has worked in a furniture factory in Longgang, Shenzhen for nearly 8 years said: "I am most worried about the education of children. I am working alone, and my wife is not good at disciplining the children at home. I am afraid that the children will be delayed."
Relevant data from the Shenzhen Labor Department show that the “post-90s†migrant workers currently account for about 30% of Shenzhen ’s labor supply, and workers of this age are the “golden generation†most favored by the manufacturing industry. In the current Chinese furniture industry, manual manufacturing still accounts for a considerable proportion. Compared with the diligent and diligent migrant workers of the older generation, in addition to making money, the migrant workers of the post-90s period no longer feel at ease to only be "carpenters", and are full of more expectations for the employment environment and career development. The established pattern of the furniture industry and the unchanged living environment for several years have also indirectly created a contradiction between ideal and reality.
Worries hidden in the depths of history
Throughout the development of Chinese migrant workers, there are also twists and turns, implying the grand proposition of the Chinese economy. In the late 1980s, with the rapid economic development of the coastal areas and the increasing demand for labor, migrant workers entered the city as the "first wave". In 1984, the term "migrant worker" appeared for the first time in the "Sociology Newsletter" of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.
Over the past 31 years of reform and opening up, Chinese farmers have experienced three large-scale rural population social mobility. For the first time, farmers broke through industrial constraints and developed township enterprises without leaving the country. The second time was when farmers broke through geographical restrictions, left the country and left their hometowns to work in cities. The third is based on the development of modern agriculture and the development of a rural market economy between urban and rural areas. These three major changes have liberated more than 400 million farmers from the traditional way of "facing the loess and facing the sky," and have promoted the historical process of China's industrialization and urbanization.
The "Migrant Worker Shortage" first entered the public's field of vision in 2004. In the past seven years, in addition to being affected by the financial crisis in 2009, every year after the Spring Festival, there was a round of hype about the “migrant worker shortage†in the media, and the newspapers were full of headlines like “corporate pay raises for migrant workersâ€.
According to official figures, the labor gap in Guangdong Province in 2006 was about 4 million. According to media reports, in 2010, Shenzhen officials rarely admitted this week that the city ’s employment gap reached 819,000 in the third quarter of last year. Officials estimate that the entire Pearl River Delta employment gap is between 2 and 3 million.
The figures show the severity of the resource pattern of migrant workers in China. At the beginning of this year, it was not difficult to understand the battle of “intercepting migrant workers†that was intervened by the government. As the gap between the development of the central and western regions and the eastern region becomes smaller and smaller, the balance between regions will gradually be realized. The government guides migrant workers to achieve local or nearby employment, whether it promotes local industrial production and residents' consumption, or solves many social problems such as the Spring Festival population migration, empty nest elderly, left-behind children and many other social issues.
To dialysis the reasons and deep driving force of "interception of migrant workers", I am afraid that it is not only a certain degree of government intervention, but also an inevitable trend that is forced to optimize and upgrade the industrial structure. The famous economist Arthur Lewis pointed out that in the process of industrialization, with the gradual transfer of rural surplus labor to non-agricultural industries, the rural surplus labor gradually reduced and eventually dried up; at some point, rural labor turned from surplus to shortage.
Although there is no comprehensive scientific verification of when or if the "Lewis turning point" has arrived, this trend is particularly evident in the Chinese furniture industry at this stage. At present, some Chinese furniture companies are also promoting the “interception of migrant workers†from the perspective of their own survival and strategic development. Under the macro background of government intervention, the home furnishing industry along the eastern coast of China is also facing increasing pressure on land, labor, and energy. Its brand promotion has begun to consciously expand to the central and western regions or even the country, coupled with the increasing cost of long-distance logistics transportation. , Forcing it to continue to transfer to a large province of human resources with rich human resources, energy and good location advantages.
When the lessons of success and failure go hand in hand, history has been running through it, and we are constantly making choices and grasping. Under each ray of sunlight, there is a shadow. To chase and enjoy the sun, you have to face the dark shadows. On the major social issues related to the retention of 400 million migrant workers in China and the rational allocation of social resources, it is difficult to be reassured just about the time and the matter.
With the gradual penetration of the post-industrial era, the inevitable trend of regional transfer of rural surplus labor, and industrial transformation, it is very likely that the stage play of "intercepting migrant workers" in China will continue. Looking back at the painful lesson of the “migrant worker shortage†that has existed in the past seven years, we must not only soberly grasp the historicity and locality, but also grasp the ultra-historicality and integrity. Governments and factories should objectively understand and respect the objective laws of the market from multiple perspectives, in an all-round, and broad perspective, so as to pay more attention to reality and create the future. Instead of just scratching the boots and touching the fur, you can force words and make people laugh.
                   ---- Transferred from Tianya netizen shamoyuming's post
A confusing stage drama of "intercepting migrant workers"
In the beginning of the Spring Festival in 2011, there were many media reports that in Hubei, Sichuan and other labor export provinces, local governments and enterprises issued more measures to "intercept" migrant workers. situation.
Recently, through relevant data and reports, it has also been initially confirmed from a certain aspect. Han Zhikui, deputy director of the Department of Human Resources and Social Security of Henan Province, said that nearly half of the 23.63 million rural labor transfer employments in Henan Province have achieved employment in the province, reaching 11.42 million, an increase of 1.23 million from 2009 people. On February 9th, the “First Financial Daily†reported that local officials in Chongqing had a new job during the Spring Festival this year, trying to intercept part of the migrant workers who returned to their hometown for the New Year to ensure that there will be no “migrant workers shortage†in the city this year.
At this time, official data show that Shanghai's migrant workers this year are 40% less than in previous years, close to 300,000, and the gap between Beijing and Guangzhou is more than 150,000, while the gap in Shenzhen is as high as 800,000. Compared with the previous two years, this time the scale is larger and the scope is wider. The employment gap has risen from 10,000 in the past to hundreds of thousands. The region has spread from the economically developed Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta to the central and western regions. The city has extended from the past Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen to Zhengzhou, Wuhan, Chongqing, Xi'an, Lanzhou and other capital cities, and even some second-tier cities have also been affected.
Facing the fact that the resources of peasant workers in the east are scarce, Mr. Chen, the head of a furniture factory in Shunde, was very depressed about recruiting workers.
In December last year, Mr. Chen, who has rich experience in recruiting workers, began to encourage migrant workers to stay in the factory after the year by sending year-end bonuses and promising to buy insurance for migrant workers. I didn't expect the abacus to fall through. As of February 10, only 53 of the 53 migrant workers who had returned to their hometown for the Chinese New Year returned on time.
Waiting for February 14, Mr. Chen couldn't hold back any more, and he organized a intensive recruitment process in the talent market. Although the salary was increased to 3,000 yuan compared to 2,400 yuan per month last year, there were only 12 migrant workers actually signed, which is far from enough to plan the number of recruits. "Previously, the migrant workers took the initiative to come to the door, but now the salary is high but they can't recruit people." Mr. Chen wondered.
In fact, no matter how the media and factories talk about the issue of "interception of migrant workers", China still faces the indisputable fact that the resources of migrant workers are excessive.
In 2007, there was a debate about the so-called shortage of migrant workers. The research reports issued by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the Development Research Center of the State Council explain the “migrant worker shortage†from the perspective of absolute shortages, arguing that in nearly 75% of rural areas, there is no longer a young and middle-aged labor force that can be transferred. Entering the era of labor shortage ", moreover," China's labor shortage is all-round, not only the shortage of skilled workers, but also workers with no technical content have become scarce resources, and spread geographically throughout the country. " But on June 19th, at the National Rain and Dew Program Achievement Exhibition held by the Poverty Alleviation Office of the State Council, Liu Fuhe, director of the Department of Policies and Regulations of the National Poverty Alleviation Office, said: "The so-called 'migrant worker shortage' is itself a false proposition."
Lu Zhihua, Director of the Migrant Workers Work Department of the Department of Human Resources and Social Security of Henan Province, said that there are more than 70 million rural population in our province, more than 47 million rural labor, and more than 32 million surplus labor. By the end of 2010, our province has transferred 23.63 million rural labors More than 8 million people need to be transferred, and the task is still arduous.
Naked reality
Although the media and manufacturers have all expressed their concerns about "intercepting migrant workers", in the eyes of some migrant workers, the problem is far less exaggerated and complicated.
"As long as the wages are raised reasonably, I will work wherever I have more money." Said a 23-year-old migrant worker from Bozhou, Anhui. "In the past year, there has been no price increase other than wages. ? "In his view, the increasing cost of living is the main reason.
"I don't know what the market situation is. I only know that the money in my pocket can buy less and less." He told the reporter frankly. And this point, many people feel the same. Since the end of 2010, the rising price trend began to spread from food to non-food fields. In the January CPI data, the prices of eight categories of consumer goods and services, except for clothing and transportation and communications, fell slightly, the remaining six items continued to rise.
In the context of the large inflation market, another focus has begun to emerge: on the one hand, domestic companies are desperately driving down wage costs; on the other hand, huge anti-dumping taxes are paid to foreign countries. The US Wall Street Journal reported on February 15 that some Chinese furniture manufacturers had to pay millions of dollars in cash each year because of fear of anti-dumping lawsuits from American competitors. This has even become part of the American furniture manufacturers and lawyers The way to make money. On the one hand, in order to fear anti-dumping, anti-dumping taxes are paid to foreign countries; on the other hand, in order to reduce costs, the wages or wage growth of migrant workers have to be reduced far below the GDP growth rate. Among them, the deformed industrial chain is self-evident, which is more or less implicitly ironic.
In addition, the interpretation of the surface of "intercepting migrant workers" is somewhat of a coercive and inducing factor. However, the real problem of being able to retain migrant workers is probably related to their vital interests.
At the material level, the problems of production and living environment of migrant workers are more embarrassing. The Chinese furniture factory employs migrant workers with a strong seasonal color and poor job stability. When the company orders come, it recruits a few more people. When there are fewer orders, it fires a few people. After the global financial crisis, a large number of farmers are forced to return illustration. This attitude of cold and hot labor makes migrant workers who are insecure by themselves even more insatiable. Factors such as leftovers, poor working environment, inadequate supporting entertainment and leisure facilities, and lack of spiritual life have become pains in the minds of migrant workers in the furniture industry.
Ascending to the spiritual level, the lack of basic human care for migrant workers is also worth pondering. The problems of the education of migrant workers' children and the increasing age of migrant workers in the post-90s are becoming more and more prominent.
According to the recent survey data of the All China Women ’s Federation, there are currently 58 million rural left-behind children in the country, of which approximately 40 million are left-behind rural left-behind children, and nearly 30% of the parents of left-behind children have been working for more than 5 years. The long-term lack of family ties, weak escrow, and the problem of left-behind children have aroused the concern of migrant workers working abroad. A migrant worker who has worked in a furniture factory in Longgang, Shenzhen for nearly 8 years said: "I am most worried about the education of children. I am working alone, and my wife is not good at disciplining the children at home. I am afraid that the children will be delayed."
Relevant data from the Shenzhen Labor Department show that the “post-90s†migrant workers currently account for about 30% of Shenzhen ’s labor supply, and workers of this age are the “golden generation†most favored by the manufacturing industry. In the current Chinese furniture industry, manual manufacturing still accounts for a considerable proportion. Compared with the diligent and diligent migrant workers of the older generation, in addition to making money, the migrant workers of the post-90s period no longer feel at ease to only be "carpenters", and are full of more expectations for the employment environment and career development. The established pattern of the furniture industry and the unchanged living environment for several years have also indirectly created a contradiction between ideal and reality.
Worries hidden in the depths of history
Throughout the development of Chinese migrant workers, there are also twists and turns, implying the grand proposition of the Chinese economy. In the late 1980s, with the rapid economic development of the coastal areas and the increasing demand for labor, migrant workers entered the city as the "first wave". In 1984, the term "migrant worker" appeared for the first time in the "Sociology Newsletter" of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.
Over the past 31 years of reform and opening up, Chinese farmers have experienced three large-scale rural population social mobility. For the first time, farmers broke through industrial constraints and developed township enterprises without leaving the country. The second time was when farmers broke through geographical restrictions, left the country and left their hometowns to work in cities. The third is based on the development of modern agriculture and the development of a rural market economy between urban and rural areas. These three major changes have liberated more than 400 million farmers from the traditional way of "facing the loess and facing the sky," and have promoted the historical process of China's industrialization and urbanization.
The "Migrant Worker Shortage" first entered the public's field of vision in 2004. In the past seven years, in addition to being affected by the financial crisis in 2009, every year after the Spring Festival, there was a round of hype about the “migrant worker shortage†in the media, and the newspapers were full of headlines like “corporate pay raises for migrant workersâ€.
According to official figures, the labor gap in Guangdong Province in 2006 was about 4 million. According to media reports, in 2010, Shenzhen officials rarely admitted this week that the city ’s employment gap reached 819,000 in the third quarter of last year. Officials estimate that the entire Pearl River Delta employment gap is between 2 and 3 million.
The figures show the severity of the resource pattern of migrant workers in China. At the beginning of this year, it was not difficult to understand the battle of “intercepting migrant workers†that was intervened by the government. As the gap between the development of the central and western regions and the eastern region becomes smaller and smaller, the balance between regions will gradually be realized. The government guides migrant workers to achieve local or nearby employment, whether it promotes local industrial production and residents' consumption, or solves many social problems such as the Spring Festival population migration, empty nest elderly, left-behind children and many other social issues.
To dialysis the reasons and deep driving force of "interception of migrant workers", I am afraid that it is not only a certain degree of government intervention, but also an inevitable trend that is forced to optimize and upgrade the industrial structure. The famous economist Arthur Lewis pointed out that in the process of industrialization, with the gradual transfer of rural surplus labor to non-agricultural industries, the rural surplus labor gradually reduced and eventually dried up; at some point, rural labor turned from surplus to shortage.
Although there is no comprehensive scientific verification of when or if the "Lewis turning point" has arrived, this trend is particularly evident in the Chinese furniture industry at this stage. At present, some Chinese furniture companies are also promoting the “interception of migrant workers†from the perspective of their own survival and strategic development. Under the macro background of government intervention, the home furnishing industry along the eastern coast of China is also facing increasing pressure on land, labor, and energy. Its brand promotion has begun to consciously expand to the central and western regions or even the country, coupled with the increasing cost of long-distance logistics transportation. , Forcing it to continue to transfer to a large province of human resources with rich human resources, energy and good location advantages.
When the lessons of success and failure go hand in hand, history has been running through it, and we are constantly making choices and grasping. Under each ray of sunlight, there is a shadow. To chase and enjoy the sun, you have to face the dark shadows. On the major social issues related to the retention of 400 million migrant workers in China and the rational allocation of social resources, it is difficult to be reassured just about the time and the matter.
With the gradual penetration of the post-industrial era, the inevitable trend of regional transfer of rural surplus labor, and industrial transformation, it is very likely that the stage play of "intercepting migrant workers" in China will continue. Looking back at the painful lesson of the “migrant worker shortage†that has existed in the past seven years, we must not only soberly grasp the historicity and locality, but also grasp the ultra-historicality and integrity. Governments and factories should objectively understand and respect the objective laws of the market from multiple perspectives, in an all-round, and broad perspective, so as to pay more attention to reality and create the future. Instead of just scratching the boots and touching the fur, you can force words and make people laugh.
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