Yam, a versatile and nutritious plant, belongs to the monocotyledonous group, with approximately 650 species across 10 genera. These plants are found in both temperate and tropical regions worldwide. In China, there are around 80 species of *Dioscorea*, commonly known as yam. Originally cultivated in Pingyao and Jiexiu, Shanxi, it has now spread across northern China, northwest China, and the Yangtze River region, including Jiangxi and Hunan.
In traditional Chinese culture, the cultivated variety is referred to as "yam," while the wild version is called "wild yam." The medicinal form is known as "Huaishan," "Huai Yam," or simply "Huai Yam." Due to its high nutritional value, yam has been valued as an affordable and healthy food for centuries. It can be eaten as a staple, used in cooking, or processed into snacks like candied yam.
Major production areas include northern Henan Province, with additional cultivation in Shandong, Hebei, Shanxi, and the Central South and Southwest regions. After the stems and leaves die back in winter, the roots are harvested, cleaned, and dried for storage or further processing.
There are two main types of Chinese yam: common yam and field potato. Common yam tubers are generally smaller, but the yam from the ancient Huaiqing area (now part of Jiaozuo, Henan, including Mengzhou, Boai, Fuyang, Wuyi, and Wenxian counties) is particularly famous. This variety, known as "Yi Yam," is often called "Wai Shen" and is considered the best in the country.
Several local yam varieties have received national geographical indication protection. These include Changshan Yam from Zouping, Shandong; "Iron Stick Yam" from Wenxian and Mengzhou, Henan; "Chen Ji Yam" from Chenji Town, Heze, Shandong (including "chicken skin brown yam" and "Xishi seed yam"); "Buddha Yam" from Wuxue, Hubei; and Nanyang Township's yam from Ruichang, Jiangxi. Additionally, Nancheng County in Jiangxi, as the largest planting base for Huaishan in the province and one of China’s three major Huaishan production areas, was officially registered by the Ministry of Agriculture in 2011, ensuring its quality and protection.
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