In the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, due to the high value and cost of genuine enamel porcelain, many imitations flooded the market. So, how can one accurately identify authentic enamel porcelain? According to experts in the Chinese porcelain library, genuine enamel pieces typically exhibit several distinctive features.
First, the pigments used in enamel porcelain are more vibrant and layered, with each design composed of multiple color materials. The surface has a smooth, glass-like finish that often reflects light, creating a beautiful glossy effect. The glaze slightly rises above the surface, giving a three-dimensional appearance. You can even feel this subtle elevation when running your fingers over it. With a 10x magnifying glass, you might notice tiny pores on each flower or leaf—something invisible to the naked eye, which is one of the most crucial indicators. In contrast, fake pastel porcelain lacks this raised texture.
The porcelain body itself is thin and well-proportioned, with clean and precise craftsmanship. Most enamel pieces are small, such as vases, cups, and decorative figurines, while large items are rare. The base is pure white, without any yellow or green tinge, and the surface is smooth and flawless, often described as "white and perfect."
The colors in enamel porcelain are vivid yet soft, rarely solid. Instead, they tend to be pastel-like, with a wide variety of hues—often seven or eight on a single piece, and sometimes more than ten different shades.
The designs are usually intricate and meticulously painted, often depicting flowers, landscapes, or detailed scenes. For example, Kangxi-era enamel pieces were typically colored with flowers but no birds, while Yongzheng's work featured richer colors. During the Qianlong period, there was a blend of pastel and enamel styles, showing a transition in techniques.
High-end custom enamel porcelain also carries specific markings. During the Kangxi era, for instance, the use of imperial seals was once restricted. After 40 years, the ban was lifted, and only the "Kangxi Imperial System" four-character script was allowed, appearing on both sides. There were three variations, differing mainly in the brushwork of the characters "Kang" and "Yu." The Yongzheng period had two distinct styles: one imitating Song dynasty calligraphy and the other using syllabic scripts, both featuring four-character inscriptions. The Qianlong period primarily used the "Qianlong Year System" frame, with some variations in style and composition.
Understanding these details helps distinguish real enamel porcelain from fakes, making it easier for collectors and enthusiasts to appreciate the true artistry behind these historical treasures.
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