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Risk Assessment
Due to the large number of risk assessment methods, they all have their own scope of application. Xiaobian here brings some common sense distinctions to everyone. We compare the evaluation objectives, qualitative/quantitative, method characteristics, scope of application, application conditions, advantages and disadvantages. Failure Type and Impact Analysis (FMEA) Failure Type and Impact Risk Analysis (FMECA) Operational condition risk assessment Dao Chemical Company Act (DOW) Imperial Chemical Company Mondfa (MOND) Japan Labor Province Six-stage Law Unit hazard quick sorting Risk and operability study Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation 2. Evaluation method corresponds to the purpose of evaluation Analogy : Classification of hazard, classification of hazard Safety checklist : Safety hazard analysis safety level Pre-risk analysis (PHA): hazard analysis of hazard levels Failure Type and Impact Analysis (FMEA) : Failure (accident) cause impact level Failure Type and Impact Risk Analysis (FMECA) : Failure Cause Failure Level Hazard Index Event Tree ETA) : Accident Cause Trigger Condition Accident Probability Accident Tree (FTA) : Accident Probability Hazard Assessment of Working Conditions : Hazard Level Dow Chemical Company Act (DOW) : Fire and Explosion Hazard Class Accident Loss Imperial Chemical Company Mondfa (MOND) : fire, explosion, toxicity and overall system hazard rating The Six-Phase Law of the Ministry of Labour of Japan: Hazard Level Unit hazard quick sorting : hazard level Hazard and Operability Study : Deviation and its causes, consequences, impact on the system Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation ; security level 3. Evaluation method corresponds to qualitative/quantitative Safety checklist : Qualitative quantification Pre-risk analysis (PHA) : qualitative Fault Type and Impact Analysis (FMEA): Qualitative Failure Type and Impact Risk Analysis (FMECA) ; Qualitative Quantification Event tree ETA) ; qualitative quantification Accident Tree (FTA) : Qualitative Quantification Operational condition risk assessment : qualitative semi-quantitative Dow Chemical Company Act (DOW) : Quantification Imperial Chemical Company Mondfa (MOND) ; Quantification Six-stage law of the Ministry of Labour of Japan ; qualitative and quantitative Unit hazard quick sorting method : quantification Hazard and operability studies : Qualitative Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation : semi-quantitative 4. Characteristics of the corresponding method of the evaluation method Analogy method : analogy of workplace inspection, statistical data classification, and accident statistical analysis Safety checklist: According to the pre-programmed checklist with standard requirements, the safety level is assessed according to the standard assignment criteria. Pre-risk analysis (PHA) : Discuss the hazards, harmful factors, trigger conditions, types of accidents, and the level of hazard Fault Type and Impact Analysis (FMEA) : List, analysis system (unit, component) fault type, fault cause, fault impact assessment affect program level Failure Type and Impact Risk Analysis (FMECA) : Same as above. Based on the FMEA, the system risk index is calculated from the probability of element failure and the probability of major failure of the system. Event Tree ETA) : Inductive method, which determines the cause of the system accident from the initial event and the probability of each event probability calculation system accident probability Accident Tree (FTA) : Deductive method, inferring the cause of the accident from the logic of the accident and basic events, and calculating the probability of the accident from the probability of the basic event Hazard assessment of operating conditions : According to the regulations, the probability of accidents, personnel exposure, and dangerous procedures of the system are assigned, and the risk rating is calculated after calculation. Dao Chemical Company Law (DOW): Calculate the fire explosion index based on the material and process hazards, determine the overall hazard of the system before and after the measures are taken, and calculate the overall economy and the loss of production due to the influence range and unit failure coefficient. Imperial Chemical Company Mondfa (MOND) : Fire, explosion, toxicity and overall hazard index before and after measures taken for material, process, toxicity, and layout hazard assessment of various hazard levels The six-stage law of the Ministry of Labour of Japan : the statutory evaluation of the checklist, the quantitative evaluation of the benchmark bureau method, the adoption of measures, the reassessment using analogy data, the re-evaluation of the level 1 dangerous device by ETA, FTA, etc. Unit hazard rapid sorting method : Calculate fire explosion index and toxicity index by substance, toxicity coefficient, process risk factor, and evaluate unit hazard level Hazard and Operability Study : Analyze the possible deviations, deviations, deviations, and effects on the system through discussion Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation : comprehensive evaluation of multiple subsystems and multiple factors by using the scientific method of fuzzy matrix operation 5, the evaluation method corresponds to the scope of application Analogy method : occupational safety and health evaluation operating conditions, job risk assessment Safety checklist : Design, acceptance, operation, management, accident investigation of various systems Pre-hazard analysis (PHA) : General analysis and evaluation of various system designs, construction, production, and maintenance Fault Type and Impact Analysis (FMEA) : Mechanical and electrical systems, local processes, accident analysis Failure Type and Impact Risk Analysis (FMECA) : Mechanical and electrical systems, local process, accident analysis Event Tree ETA): Analysis of various local process, production equipment, and equipment accidents Accident Tree (FTA): Analysis of complex system accidents such as aerospace, nuclear power, technology, equipment, etc.
Hazard assessment of working conditions: various production conditions
Dow Chemical Company Law (DOW) : Process for the production, storage, treatment of flammable, chemically active, toxic substances and other related process systems Imperial Chemical Company Mondfa (MOND) : Process for the production, storage, treatment of flammable, chemically active, toxic substances and other related process systems Six-stage law of the Ministry of Labour of Japan : chemical plant and related equipment
Unit hazard quick sorting method : the scope of application of the same DOW method Hazard and operability studies : Safety sub-bridges for chemical systems, thermal and hydraulic systems Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation : various production conditions 6. Evaluation method corresponding to application conditions Analogy: Analogous workplaces are comparable Safety checklist : There are assignments and rating standards for various checklists prepared in advance. Pre-risk analysis (PHA ): Analytical evaluators are familiar with the system and have extensive knowledge and practical experience. Failure Type and Impact Analysis (FMEA) : Ibid. There are tables prepared according to the analysis requirements. Fault Type and Impact Risk Analysis (FMECA) : Probability data for element failure rate and system major failure (accident) with FMEA Event Tree ETA) : Familiar with system, causal relationship between elements, and probability data for each event Accident Tree (FTA): proficient in the connection between methods and accidents, basic events, and basic event probability data Hazard assessment of working conditions : Familiar personnel are familiar with the system and have rich knowledge and practical experience in safety production. Dao Chemical Company Law (DOW) ; proficient in methods, familiar with the system, rich in knowledge and good judgment, must have the target value of economic losses of various types of enterprise installations Imperial Chemical Company Mondfa (MOND) : Proficiency in methods, familiarity with the system, rich knowledge and good judgment The Six-Phase Law of the Ministry of Labour of Japan : Familiar with the system, master relevant methods, and have relevant knowledge and experience. Unit hazard quick sorting : familiar with the system, master the relevant methods, have relevant knowledge and experience Risk and operability research ; analysis and evaluation people are familiar with the system, have rich knowledge and practical experience Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation : the personnel are familiar with the system and have rich knowledge and practical experience in safety production. 7. Advantages and disadvantages of evaluation methods Analogy : Easy to operate, professional detection, high cost Safety checklist : Easy, easy to master, difficult to prepare checklists and heavy workload Pre-risk analysis (PHA) ; simple and easy to perform, subject to subjective factors of analysts Fault Type and Impact Analysis (FMEA): More complex and detailed subjective factors affected by analysts Failure Type and Impact Risk Analysis (FMECA) : Complex and accurate than FMEA Event Tree ETA): Simple and easy to perform, subject to subjective factors of analysts Accident Tree (FTA) : Complex, heavy, and accurate. Accident tree is misinterpreted Hazard assessment of working conditions : simple, practical, influenced by subjective factors of analysts Dao Chemical Company Law (DOW ): extensive use of charts, simple and clear, wide parameter selection, different from person to person, can only be a macro evaluation of the system as a whole Imperial Chemical Company Mondfa (MOND) : A large number of charts, simple and clear, wide parameters, different from person to person, can only evaluate the overall system Six-stage law of the Ministry of Labour of Japan ; comprehensive evaluation of several methods for repeated evaluation, high accuracy and large workload Unit hazard quick sorting method : It is a simplified method of the DOW method. Simple and convenient, easy to promote Hazard and operability studies : simple, easy to perform, subject to subjective factors of analysts Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation: simple and practical, influenced by subjective factors of analysts
(Source: Safety Production Technology)
[Editor: Chen Guofang]
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