Pesticide phytotoxicity refers to a variety of morbidities reflected by crops caused by improper use of pesticides, including a series of symptoms such as abnormal physiological changes in crops, growth stagnation, plant metamorphosis and even death. In recent years, with the increase in the use of pesticides, the use of compounding and compounding preparations has increased, and crop phytotoxics have occurred from time to time. Lighter people have affected the normal growth of crops, resulting in reduced yields, and crop deaths and even crop failures.
I. Symptoms of crop phytotoxicity 1. Spots: mainly on crop leaves, sometimes on stems or fruit epidermis, light and heavy in the whole field, irregular distribution on plants, spot size The shape changes greatly. There are brown spots, yellow spots, dead spots and so on.
2, yellowing: in the stems and leaves of plants, the occurrence of more leaves, yellowing is because pesticides hinder the synthesis of chlorophyll or block the photosynthesis of chlorophyll or destroy chlorophyll, yellow leaves often develop into dead leaves.
3, deformity: plant phytotoxicity may occur in various organs of the plant, common malformations are rolled leaves, clumps, root swelling, deformed ears, deformed fruit and so on.
4, withered: this phytotoxicity is generally the whole plant performance, this phytotoxicity is mostly caused by improper use of herbicides, there is no disease center in the field, and the process is slower, the first dead yellow plant, no browning at the center of the rhizome .
5, shedding: manifested in fruit trees and some dicotyledons, with symptoms such as falling leaves, falling flowers, and falling fruits.
6, infertility: caused by improper use of flowers during flowering.
7. Inferior fruit: The medicinal damage of the fruit sometimes manifests as abnormal fruit surface and deteriorated quality.
Second, the cause of the phytotoxicity 1, the wrong pesticide. If the herbicide is used as a pest control or some agents are sensitive to a certain crop, it should not be used.
2. The concentration is too high or the concentration is correct and the operation is repeated.
3, improper application period, in the sensitive growth stage of crops, such as grass crops at the booting stage, fruit tree germination period, flowering period and so on.
4. Inappropriate mixed chemicals, such as stone sulphur mixture and Bordeaux mixture, nicosulfuron can not be mixed with organophosphorus pesticides.
5. Improper application of the device or unclean cleaning of the device. Large-scale high-pressure instruments used for fruit tree application cannot be used for the control of pests and diseases of wheat and corn. Devices that have applied herbicides cannot be used for fruit trees and sensitive crops.
6. Poor environment causes phytotoxicity, such as high temperature and low temperature, strong sunshine, and high humidity.
III. Remedial measures for phytotoxicity When it is found that the typical symptoms of leaf yellowing, stem and leaf spots, growth stagnation, plant withering, deformity and other symptoms are found in the applied field, the corresponding remedial measures should be adopted.
1. Spray a large amount of water to rinse or slightly alkaline water to wash. If the leaf surface and the plant spray a certain kind of pesticide, the phytotoxicity will occur, and it is found earlier, and the contaminated crop leaves can be quickly sprayed with a large amount of water. Repeatedly spraying water 2-3 times, try to wash away the drugs on the surface of the plant, and increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to promote root development to enhance crop recovery.
2. Chasing quick-acting fertilizer. On crops where phytotoxicity occurs, fertilizers such as urea should be quickly applied to increase nutrients, strengthen the growth of crops, promote early growth and accelerate crop recovery.
3. Spray drugs that relieve phytotoxicity. If the crops are harmed by pesticides such as omethoate and parathion, 0.2% borax solution may be sprayed on the affected crops, and rapeseed peanuts may be over-stressed by paclobutrazol, and gibberellic acid solution may be sprayed appropriately.
4, cultivating loose soil. After the crop is damaged, it is necessary to timely cultivate the loose soil, improve soil permeability, promote root development, and enhance the fruit tree's own resilience and anti-drug ability.
5, the right amount of pruning, fruit trees after the phytotoxicity, it is necessary to timely and appropriate pruning, cut off the dead branches, remove the dead leaves, to prevent the death of some of the bacteria infected by the disease caused by disease.
Fourth, measures to avoid crop phytotoxicity 1. Proper selection of pesticides, when selecting pesticides, it is necessary to understand its characteristics, to clarify its scope of prevention, precautions, etc., to prevent counterfeit and shoddy products when purchasing, and to request purchase invoices.
2. Strictly follow the prescribed range and dosage. Do not expand the scope of use and increase the concentration.
3, uniform application at one time, to avoid repeated medication.
4, can not mix pesticides at will, in the scope of contraindications or do not understand the taboo objects must not be mixed.
5. When applying herbicides, especially broad-spectrum herbicides, look at the wind direction and install a windshield on the nozzle to avoid harming crops in adjacent fields.
6. Thoroughly clean the device after applying the pesticide. The device applying the herbicide is forbidden to apply other drugs.
7. When taking medicine, look at the sky, see the ground, see the seedlings, avoid adverse weather, sensitive crop varieties and growth period.
8. Take care to avoid the use of pesticides that have residual phytotoxicity to the lower crops.
I. Symptoms of crop phytotoxicity 1. Spots: mainly on crop leaves, sometimes on stems or fruit epidermis, light and heavy in the whole field, irregular distribution on plants, spot size The shape changes greatly. There are brown spots, yellow spots, dead spots and so on.
2, yellowing: in the stems and leaves of plants, the occurrence of more leaves, yellowing is because pesticides hinder the synthesis of chlorophyll or block the photosynthesis of chlorophyll or destroy chlorophyll, yellow leaves often develop into dead leaves.
3, deformity: plant phytotoxicity may occur in various organs of the plant, common malformations are rolled leaves, clumps, root swelling, deformed ears, deformed fruit and so on.
4, withered: this phytotoxicity is generally the whole plant performance, this phytotoxicity is mostly caused by improper use of herbicides, there is no disease center in the field, and the process is slower, the first dead yellow plant, no browning at the center of the rhizome .
5, shedding: manifested in fruit trees and some dicotyledons, with symptoms such as falling leaves, falling flowers, and falling fruits.
6, infertility: caused by improper use of flowers during flowering.
7. Inferior fruit: The medicinal damage of the fruit sometimes manifests as abnormal fruit surface and deteriorated quality.
Second, the cause of the phytotoxicity 1, the wrong pesticide. If the herbicide is used as a pest control or some agents are sensitive to a certain crop, it should not be used.
2. The concentration is too high or the concentration is correct and the operation is repeated.
3, improper application period, in the sensitive growth stage of crops, such as grass crops at the booting stage, fruit tree germination period, flowering period and so on.
4. Inappropriate mixed chemicals, such as stone sulphur mixture and Bordeaux mixture, nicosulfuron can not be mixed with organophosphorus pesticides.
5. Improper application of the device or unclean cleaning of the device. Large-scale high-pressure instruments used for fruit tree application cannot be used for the control of pests and diseases of wheat and corn. Devices that have applied herbicides cannot be used for fruit trees and sensitive crops.
6. Poor environment causes phytotoxicity, such as high temperature and low temperature, strong sunshine, and high humidity.
III. Remedial measures for phytotoxicity When it is found that the typical symptoms of leaf yellowing, stem and leaf spots, growth stagnation, plant withering, deformity and other symptoms are found in the applied field, the corresponding remedial measures should be adopted.
1. Spray a large amount of water to rinse or slightly alkaline water to wash. If the leaf surface and the plant spray a certain kind of pesticide, the phytotoxicity will occur, and it is found earlier, and the contaminated crop leaves can be quickly sprayed with a large amount of water. Repeatedly spraying water 2-3 times, try to wash away the drugs on the surface of the plant, and increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to promote root development to enhance crop recovery.
2. Chasing quick-acting fertilizer. On crops where phytotoxicity occurs, fertilizers such as urea should be quickly applied to increase nutrients, strengthen the growth of crops, promote early growth and accelerate crop recovery.
3. Spray drugs that relieve phytotoxicity. If the crops are harmed by pesticides such as omethoate and parathion, 0.2% borax solution may be sprayed on the affected crops, and rapeseed peanuts may be over-stressed by paclobutrazol, and gibberellic acid solution may be sprayed appropriately.
4, cultivating loose soil. After the crop is damaged, it is necessary to timely cultivate the loose soil, improve soil permeability, promote root development, and enhance the fruit tree's own resilience and anti-drug ability.
5, the right amount of pruning, fruit trees after the phytotoxicity, it is necessary to timely and appropriate pruning, cut off the dead branches, remove the dead leaves, to prevent the death of some of the bacteria infected by the disease caused by disease.
Fourth, measures to avoid crop phytotoxicity 1. Proper selection of pesticides, when selecting pesticides, it is necessary to understand its characteristics, to clarify its scope of prevention, precautions, etc., to prevent counterfeit and shoddy products when purchasing, and to request purchase invoices.
2. Strictly follow the prescribed range and dosage. Do not expand the scope of use and increase the concentration.
3, uniform application at one time, to avoid repeated medication.
4, can not mix pesticides at will, in the scope of contraindications or do not understand the taboo objects must not be mixed.
5. When applying herbicides, especially broad-spectrum herbicides, look at the wind direction and install a windshield on the nozzle to avoid harming crops in adjacent fields.
6. Thoroughly clean the device after applying the pesticide. The device applying the herbicide is forbidden to apply other drugs.
7. When taking medicine, look at the sky, see the ground, see the seedlings, avoid adverse weather, sensitive crop varieties and growth period.
8. Take care to avoid the use of pesticides that have residual phytotoxicity to the lower crops.
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