Taxonomy
Photovoltaic power generation systems are divided into independent photovoltaic systems and grid-connected photovoltaic systems. 1. Independent photovoltaic power generation is also called off-grid photovoltaic power generation. It is mainly composed of a solar cell module, a Controller, and a battery. To supply power to an AC load, an AC inverter needs to be configured. Independent photovoltaic power plants include village power supply systems in remote areas, solar household power systems, communication signal power supplies, cathodic protection, solar street lights, and other photovoltaic power generation systems with independent operation.
2. Grid-connected photovoltaic power generation is the direct current that is generated by solar modules directly connected to the public power grid after being converted into AC power that meets the requirements of the mains grid.
Photovoltaic power generation examples can be divided into grid-connected power generation systems with and without batteries. The grid-connected power generation system with battery has schedulability, can be merged into or out of the grid as needed, and has the function of standby power supply, which can be powered urgently when the power grid is powered off. Photovoltaic grid-connected power generation systems with batteries are often installed in residential buildings; grid-connected power generation systems without batteries do not have the functions of schedulability and backup power, and are generally installed on larger systems. Grid-connected photovoltaic power generation has centralized large-scale grid-connected photovoltaic power plants, which are generally state-level power stations. The main feature is that the power generation can be directly delivered to the power grid, and the power grid can be uniformly deployed to supply power to users. However, this kind of power station has a large investment, a long construction period and a large area. It has not yet developed much. Decentralized small-scale grid-connected photovoltaics, especially photovoltaic building integrated photovoltaic power generation, is the mainstream of grid-connected photovoltaic power generation due to its advantages of small investment, fast construction, small floor space and strong policy support.
System equipment
Photovoltaic power generation system is composed of solar cell array, battery pack, charge and discharge controller, inverter, AC power distribution cabinet, sun tracking control system and other equipment. The role of some of its equipment is:
Solar cell array
In the case of illumination (whether it is sunlight or the illumination produced by other illuminants), the battery absorbs light energy, and the accumulation of a different type of charge at both ends of the battery produces a "photogenerated voltage", which is the "photovoltaic effect". Under the action of the photovoltaic effect, the two ends of the solar cell generate an electromotive force, which converts light energy into electrical energy, which is a device for energy conversion. Solar cells are generally silicon cells, which are classified into single crystal silicon solar cells, polycrystalline silicon solar cells, and amorphous silicon solar cells.
Battery pack
Its function is to store the energy emitted by the solar cell array when it is illuminated and to supply power to the load at any time. The basic requirements for solar cell power generation for the battery pack used are: a. low self-discharge rate; b. long service life; c. strong deep discharge capability; d. high charging efficiency; e. less maintenance or maintenance-free; Wide range; g. low price.
Charge and discharge controller
It is a device that can automatically prevent overcharging and overdischarging of the battery. Since the number of cycles of charging and discharging of the battery and the depth of discharge are important factors determining the service life of the battery, it is indispensable to control the charge and discharge controller of the battery pack for overcharging or overdischarging.
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