The **Abstract** section of this content discusses the application of toughening mechanisms in diamond saw blades, many of which are inspired by techniques used in the plastics industry. Core-shell particles, for instance, have long been employed to enhance the toughness of polymer materials. One of the pioneers in this area is Rohm & Haas, who has developed a wide range of core-shell particles with various core materials. In my original project, I tried sending them some samples, but there was an issue—those particles were too large to be effectively used in diamond blade adhesives.
Germany has also made significant progress in developing micron-sized core-shell particles that can be incorporated into diamond blade adhesives. These particles significantly improve impact and peel strength. However, due to their size, they tend to make the blade opaque, which is not acceptable for optical applications. Plus, the lead time for purchasing such samples from Germany is quite long. For this particular sample, I ended up rushing it, and it wasn’t even better than what we had during the Olympics.
In China, there are many researchers working on similar technologies, and there are plenty of published papers on the subject. Our project team even reached out to a research institute directly. The expert said they could provide samples, but it would take at least two weeks, and they’d just do some experiments. They hadn't even started pilot testing or considered quality assurance yet. It was clear that efficiency wasn’t a priority. As a researcher, I couldn’t afford to get stuck in the same loop, so I decided to move forward with a different approach.
I eventually found what I was looking for: nano-core-shell particles. These offer a wide variety of core structures, giving us more flexibility. The particles are formed through a block structure, and many of the ideas behind them are similar to traditional core-shell particles. Most people think of core-shell particles as polymer-based emulsions, but these nano-particles have reactive groups on their surface. This allows them to chemically bond with the base resin via the curing agent used in diamond blade formulations. This helps prevent the core material from dissolving during the curing process, thereby enhancing the overall toughness of the blade.
The toughening mechanism of core-shell particles typically involves a sea-island structure or a perforated design. When heated, the shell swells or dissolves, helping to counteract the exothermic reaction caused by the curing agent. Additionally, because the particles are well-dispersed in the resin, they help prevent other powder additives from settling when the resin is heated and thinned. (For those interested, there are several studies on how particle size distribution affects filler precipitation.)
One of the biggest advantages of these nano-core-shell particles is that they are already well-dispersed in the diamond blade formulation. This means we don’t have to worry about uneven dispersion or stability issues. Since they are nano-scale, the cured blade remains almost transparent, especially when using a curing agent like ICAM 8403. They also don’t negatively affect the storage stability of one-component blades. With two toughening mechanisms in place, we don’t need to worry much about the curing system. The viscosity is low, and the viscosity-temperature coefficient is relatively high, making them very user-friendly.
Another benefit is that these core-shell particles are almost halogen-free, which makes them ideal for use in the microelectronics industry, where halogen content is strictly regulated. If needed, they can easily be mixed with halogen-free resins. (Reprinted from Sanxiang Technology’s official website.)
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