The production of pollution-free vegetables not only has strict requirements on the use of irrigation water, the surrounding environment and pesticides, but also imposes strict restrictions on the types and dosages of chemical fertilizers to ensure that the content of nitrates and other harmful substances in vegetables does not exceed the standard. The following is a brief introduction to the fertilization techniques in the production of pollution-free vegetables.
First, the type of fertilizer
The types and types of fertilizers allowed in the production of pollution-free vegetables are:
1. Farmyard manure. Such as compost, manure, biogas fertilizer, green manure, crop straw, mud fertilizer, cake fertilizer and so on. Among them, high temperature compost should be strongly promoted.
2. Biological fertilizer. These include humic acid fertilizers, rhizobial fertilizers, phosphorus bacterial fertilizers, and compound microbial fertilizers.
3. Inorganic mineral fertilizer. Such as mineral potassium fertilizer and potassium sulfate, mineral phosphate fertilizer.
4. Trace element fertilizer. That is, copper, iron, boron, zinc, manganese, molybdenum and other trace elements and beneficial elements are mainly formulated fertilizers.
5. Other fertilizers. Such as bone meal, amino acid residue, livestock processing waste, sugar factory waste and so on.
Second, the principle of fertilization
The principle of fertilization for the production of pollution-free vegetables should be: organic fertilizers, supplemented by other fertilizers; multi-component fertilizers, supplemented by single-factor fertilizers; mainly based on fertilizer, supplemented by topdressing. Try to limit the application of chemical fertilizers. If you really need it, you can selectively apply some fertilizers in a limited way, but you should pay attention to the following principles:
1. It is forbidden to use nitrate nitrogen fertilizer.
2. Control the dosage, generally no more than 25 kg per mu.
3. Fertilizer must be applied in combination with organic fertilizer. The ratio of organic nitrogen to inorganic nitrogen is 2:1.
4. Use less foliar spray fertilizer.
5. The last application of fertilizer should be carried out 30 days before harvest.
Third, the implementation of formula fertilization
In order to reduce pollution and give full play to fertilizer efficiency, formula fertilization should be implemented. The specifics should include the variety and amount of fertilizer; the ratio of base fertilizer and top dressing; the number and duration of top dressing, and the fertilization method used according to the characteristics of the fertilizer. Formulated fertilization is the basic fertilization technique for the production of pollution-free vegetables.
Fourth, should pay attention to the problem
1. Excrement and manure should be fully fermented and decomposed. After topdressing, rinse with water.
2. Fertilizer should be applied deep and early. Deep application can reduce nitrogen volatilization, prolong fertilizer supply time and increase nitrogen utilization rate; early application is beneficial to early plant growth, prolonging fertilizer efficiency and reducing nitrate accumulation. Generally, ammonium nitrogen is applied to a soil layer of 6 cm or less, and urea is applied to a soil layer of 10 cm or less.
3. The application of biological nitrogen fertilizer, increased application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer combined with biological nitrogen fertilizer is one of the effective ways to solve the limitation of chemical fertilizer. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers have obvious effects on increasing the stress resistance of vegetables. The swelling effect of tubers such as potato, Jerusalem artichoke, sweet potato and ginger is more obvious. Therefore, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be added during the growth period of vegetables.
4. Flexible fertilization according to the type of vegetables and cultivation conditions. The accumulation of nitrate in different types of vegetables varies greatly. Generally, leafy vegetables are higher than melons, and melons are higher than fruits. In addition, the nitrate content of the same vegetable in different climatic conditions is also different, generally under high temperature and strong light, nitrate accumulation is less. On the contrary, under low temperature and low light, nitrate is accumulated in a large amount. In the process of fertilization, the type of vegetables, cultivation season and climatic conditions should be considered, and the reasonable amount of chemical fertilizer should be mastered to ensure that the nitrate content is within the prescribed range of pollution-free vegetables.
First, the type of fertilizer
The types and types of fertilizers allowed in the production of pollution-free vegetables are:
1. Farmyard manure. Such as compost, manure, biogas fertilizer, green manure, crop straw, mud fertilizer, cake fertilizer and so on. Among them, high temperature compost should be strongly promoted.
2. Biological fertilizer. These include humic acid fertilizers, rhizobial fertilizers, phosphorus bacterial fertilizers, and compound microbial fertilizers.
3. Inorganic mineral fertilizer. Such as mineral potassium fertilizer and potassium sulfate, mineral phosphate fertilizer.
4. Trace element fertilizer. That is, copper, iron, boron, zinc, manganese, molybdenum and other trace elements and beneficial elements are mainly formulated fertilizers.
5. Other fertilizers. Such as bone meal, amino acid residue, livestock processing waste, sugar factory waste and so on.
Second, the principle of fertilization
The principle of fertilization for the production of pollution-free vegetables should be: organic fertilizers, supplemented by other fertilizers; multi-component fertilizers, supplemented by single-factor fertilizers; mainly based on fertilizer, supplemented by topdressing. Try to limit the application of chemical fertilizers. If you really need it, you can selectively apply some fertilizers in a limited way, but you should pay attention to the following principles:
1. It is forbidden to use nitrate nitrogen fertilizer.
2. Control the dosage, generally no more than 25 kg per mu.
3. Fertilizer must be applied in combination with organic fertilizer. The ratio of organic nitrogen to inorganic nitrogen is 2:1.
4. Use less foliar spray fertilizer.
5. The last application of fertilizer should be carried out 30 days before harvest.
Third, the implementation of formula fertilization
In order to reduce pollution and give full play to fertilizer efficiency, formula fertilization should be implemented. The specifics should include the variety and amount of fertilizer; the ratio of base fertilizer and top dressing; the number and duration of top dressing, and the fertilization method used according to the characteristics of the fertilizer. Formulated fertilization is the basic fertilization technique for the production of pollution-free vegetables.
Fourth, should pay attention to the problem
1. Excrement and manure should be fully fermented and decomposed. After topdressing, rinse with water.
2. Fertilizer should be applied deep and early. Deep application can reduce nitrogen volatilization, prolong fertilizer supply time and increase nitrogen utilization rate; early application is beneficial to early plant growth, prolonging fertilizer efficiency and reducing nitrate accumulation. Generally, ammonium nitrogen is applied to a soil layer of 6 cm or less, and urea is applied to a soil layer of 10 cm or less.
3. The application of biological nitrogen fertilizer, increased application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer combined with biological nitrogen fertilizer is one of the effective ways to solve the limitation of chemical fertilizer. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers have obvious effects on increasing the stress resistance of vegetables. The swelling effect of tubers such as potato, Jerusalem artichoke, sweet potato and ginger is more obvious. Therefore, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be added during the growth period of vegetables.
4. Flexible fertilization according to the type of vegetables and cultivation conditions. The accumulation of nitrate in different types of vegetables varies greatly. Generally, leafy vegetables are higher than melons, and melons are higher than fruits. In addition, the nitrate content of the same vegetable in different climatic conditions is also different, generally under high temperature and strong light, nitrate accumulation is less. On the contrary, under low temperature and low light, nitrate is accumulated in a large amount. In the process of fertilization, the type of vegetables, cultivation season and climatic conditions should be considered, and the reasonable amount of chemical fertilizer should be mastered to ensure that the nitrate content is within the prescribed range of pollution-free vegetables.
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